Investigation of cell proliferation and differentiation in the mantle of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinctada </Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">fucata</Emphasis> (Bivalve,Mollusca)

The mantle of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata was adopted for the proliferation profile study in our work and a proliferation hot spot was found in the outer epithelia of mantle central zone using the BrdU immunohistochemistry method. This result contradicts the previous research that the mantle has numerous growth centers all over the mantle epithelium, with the same proliferation activity throughout the whole mantle outer epithelial cells. This is the first report on the different proliferation features on the whole mantle where Alcian Blue/PAS staining analysis and ultrastructural observation with the aid of transmission electron microscope (TEM) demonstrated distinct features of the epithelium in four different regions of the mantle. Results from the present investigation displayed that in the outer epithelium of the marginal zone in mantle outer fold, organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were well-developed and double membrane bounded vesicles were present; in the outer epithelia of mantle central zone, stem-like cells with a high ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm and comparatively undeveloped organelles were detected. Together with the observations of the cell proliferation profile of different regions of the mantle, a hypothetic model for the proliferation and differentiation of the pearl oyster’s mantle is proposed: there exists a proliferation “hot spot” in the outer epithelial cells of central zone and the proliferation ability decreases progressively from this “hot spot” towards the marginal zone; the whole mantle’s differentiation occurs continuously with its growth and the direction is from the proliferation ‘hot spot’ (central zone) towards the marginal zone. Furthermore, another interesting result was found when the proliferation rate was investigated together with the tidal rhythm: the proliferation activity was found to be closely correlated with the tidal rhythm, indicating that the mantle outer epithelia’s proliferation rhythm might be the impetus of the shell’s daily growth bands.     

衡阳市蔬菜品种及产业发展研究报告

为了及时掌握衡阳市蔬菜产业发展动态,有效的指导衡阳市蔬菜生产,笔者对2006年衡阳市蔬菜品种及产业发展情况进行了调查,主要是摸清蔬菜品种,找出存在的主要问题,提出了下一步蔬菜品种及产业发展措施,把衡阳市蔬菜生产推向一个新的发展水平．表10,参7．     

天津供水系统中抗生素分布变化特征与健康风险评价

通过采用固相萃取富集法和液相色谱质谱联用技术对天津市供水系统中净水厂和管网中的6类10种抗生素浓度水平进行了分析,研究了抗生素在各处理工艺单元后的变化特征,以及在管网中的分布迁移规律,并进行了健康风险评价.对不同处理工艺的A、B两水厂中抗生素的检测结果显示:采用传统处理工艺的A水厂出水中抗生素的质量浓度范围为0.96~126.43 ng·L~(-1),总去除率为-46.47%~45.10%,混凝工艺对抗生素物质的去除起主要作用;具有深度处理工艺的B水厂出水中抗生素的浓度为ND~72.27 ng·L~(-1),其中罗红霉素未检出,抗生素的去除效率为40.25%~70.33%,明显优于A水厂,紫外+氯消毒工艺对抗生素的去除最为明显.给水管网中抗生素浓度分析结果表明:10种抗生素中除罗红霉素检出率为75.0%外,其余均为100.0%.抗生素浓度范围为ND~348.99 ng·L~(-1),浓度随管段的延伸而逐渐降低,其衰减符合一级反应动力学模型.基于蒙特卡洛法对饮用水中抗生素的致癌风险和非致癌风险进行了评估,结果表明均处于可接受风险水平.     

阳泉市煤矸石中氟的赋存形态分析

氟是人体和其他动物的必需元素,氟过量和氟缺乏都会影响到人体健康.本文以山西省阳泉市阳煤集团长期堆置的煤矸石为研究对象,对煤矸石中氟浓度水平和氟的形态分配进行了研究.结果表明:研究区煤矸石中全氟含量平均值为364.87 mg/kg,远高于200 mg/kg的全球土壤氟含量平均水平;不同岩性的煤矸石中全氟含量(平均值)的排序为泥质砂岩＞砂质泥岩＞泥岩＞砂岩＞石膏岩;煤矸石中不同形态氟的含量排序为残余态＞无定形铁铝结合态＞有机结合态＞水溶态＞可交换态＞结晶铁铝结合态.     

西安BC、PM2.5与气温协同对心脑血管疾病死亡的影响

利用西安市2014~2015年BC、PM_2.5和气温及心脑血管疾病每日死亡人数等资料,基于时间序列的广义相加模型中的主效应模型、非参数二元响应模型和温度分层模型对其进行研究.结果表明,BC、PM_2.5对心脑血管疾病死亡人数的影响存在滞后效应,最佳滞后时间下,BC、PM_2.5浓度每增加1个IQR（BC：5.31μg/m³,PM_2.5：40.30μg/m³）,心脑血管疾病每日死亡人数ER（95% CI）分别为3.53%（95% CI：1.86,5.23）、2.01%（95% CI：1.06,2.97）.气温与心脑血管疾病每日死亡人数的暴露反应关系呈“V”型分布特征,最适温度为26℃.低温和高污染物浓度对心脑血管疾病的影响存在协同放大效应,当气温低于26℃时,BC对人群健康风险比PM_2.5更大.对于心脑血管疾病而言,不同人群的易感程度不同,女性群体对BC、PM_2.5暴露更为敏感.当BC、PM_2.5同时纳入其它一种或几种气态污染物时,对ER值无较大影响.BC仅占PM_2.5浓度的一小部分,但健康影响不容忽视,BC可作为评估大气污染物健康风险的重要空气质量指标.     

温度冲击引起的丝状菌污泥膨胀菌群特征

为探究温度冲击引起的污泥膨胀机理,以生活污水为处理对象,采用SBR工艺分别运行温度骤降系统和温度梯度降低系统,利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析温度变化过程中微生物群落整体变化,并对膨胀阶段优势丝状菌类型进行解析.结果表明,温度骤降系统优势丝状菌为微丝菌(Microthrixparvicella),SVI值升高至291mL/g以上,温度梯度降低系统优势丝状菌为Eikelboom Type 0092型丝状菌,SVI值稳定维持在250mL/g,因此Eikelboom Type 0092型丝状菌适宜在温度冲击环境中生长繁殖.温度冲击方式不同导致菌群组成具有差异性,Proteobacteria相对丰度均值为39.3%,其占比在不同阶段变化较小.两个系统在污泥膨胀阶段Actinobacteria和Chloroflexi的相对丰度占比不同.各样本中与去除有机物相关微生物菌群丰度均值为13.6%,Nitrospira其相对丰度均值为2.48%,占NOB总含量80%以上.温度梯度降低系统发生的Eikelboom Type 0092型丝状菌型污泥微膨胀,其出水水质没有发生严重恶化,COD和NH₄⁺-N的去除效果均高于温度骤降系统.     

Genomewide analysis indicates that queen larvae have lower methylation levels in the honey bee (Apis mellifera)

The honey bee is a social insect characterized by caste differentiation, by which a young larva can develop into either a queen or a worker. Despite possessing the same genome, queen and workers display marked differences in reproductive capacity, physiology, and behavior. Recent studies have shown that DNA methylation plays important roles in caste differentiation. To further explore the roles of DNA methylation in this process, we analyzed DNA methylome profiles of both queen larvae (QL) and worker larvae (WL) of different ages (2, 4, and 6 day old), by using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (meDIP-seq) technique. The global DNA methylation levels varied between the larvae of two castes. DNA methylation increased from 2-day- to 4-day-old QL and then decreased in 6-day-old larvae. In WL, methylation levels increased with age. The methylcytosines in both larvae were enriched in introns, followed by coding sequence (CDS) regions, CpG islands, 2 kbp downstream and upstream of genes, and 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs). The number of differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in 2-, 4-, and 6-day-old QL and WL was 725, 3,013, and 5,049, respectively. Compared to 4- and 6-day-old WL, a large number of genes in QL were downmethylated, which were involved in many processes including development, reproduction, and metabolic regulation. In addition, some DMGs were concerned with caste differentiation.     

Zn-TiO2纳米管的光催化活性

采用水热合成-浸渍法制备锌掺杂TiO2纳米管(Zn-TiO2纳米管),透射电镜照片显示Zn-TiO2纳米管为两端开口形貌均一的中空管状结构,管径约6～8 nm,壁厚约1 nm,长度约50～200 nm。研究了Zn-TiO2纳米管对甲基橙的光催化性能,结果表明:掺杂适量锌提高了TiO2纳米管对甲基橙的光催化降解性能,0.4%Zn-TiO2纳米管的光催化性能最佳。同时还探讨了Zn-TiO2纳米管用量和初始pH值等因素对光催化降解甲基橙的影响,结果显示Zn-TiO2纳米管能有效地降解甲基橙。随着光催化反应进行,CODCr去除率和脱色率变化规律不完全相同,可能是由于芳基和烷基降解速率不同所致。     

痕量亚硝酸根的极谱测定

在酸性介质中,次甲基蓝与亚硝酸根发生亚硝化反应,本文选用0.08mol/l的盐酸,其亚硝化产物在—0.65V(us.SCE)附近产生一灵敏的极谱波,亚硝酸根浓度在0.002—0.24ug/ml范围内与二次导数波高成直线关系,本法用于水样和蔬菜中亚硝酸根的测定,选择性好,灵敏度较     

GIS技术在土地资源估价中的应用分析

本文主要分析了GIS技术的功能、概念、发展及基于该技术的土地估价信息系统的组成、功能和优越性。为土地估价提供了强有力的技术支持和科学依据