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41.
Arnim von Gleich 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1998,10(6):367-373
The development of criteria for the comparative assessment of technologies and substances beyond the toxicological approach and the development of an integrated pattern of criteria is still at the beginning. The criteria presented here for integrating the precautionary principle into the substance and technology assessment have to be further operationlised and completed, in the same way as the criteria which have been discussed and developed within the framework of - the poisoning and pollutant paradigm - the equilibrium paradigm - the sustainability and “Mitwelt” paradigm - the energy and the general technology assessment debate. The resolution of the criteria has to be improved and their range (which is certainly limited) has to be explored more precisely. The application of the criteria should never occur mechanically. Technology assessment and substance assessment are not only scientific, but essentially social and, hence, discursive processes. It is not so much the assessment of individual substances which should be in the center of the debate, but rather the comparative assessment of competing techniques, substances and substancerelated development pathways (see vonGleich andRubik, 1966 as a first approach to assess the environmental effects of old and new materials). According to the example of the energy strategies, only the development of competing strategies in the substance field could create the necessary prerequisites for a broad public discourse and thus for a democratisation of the basic substancerelated policy decisions. This discourse is a duty which science and economy have toward society. 相似文献
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Karl-Heinz Schwind Jamshid Hosseinpour Heidelore Fiedler Christoph Lau Otto Hutzinger 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1994,6(5):243-246
Exhaust fumes of paraffin, beeswax and stearin candles without any further paint or decorative element were analysed for the toxicological important substance classes of PCDD/PCDF, PAH and short chain aldehydes. The candle waxes and wicks were investigated for chlorinated dioxins, furans and some known precursors. Toxicological risk assessment shows that emissions of the investigated candles are much lower than all administrative limitation values — even under “worst case conditions”. Thus, they do not produce a toxicological risk for human health. 相似文献
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Harry?L.?S.?RobertsEmail author Oliver?True Otto?Schmidt 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2004,57(2):132-138
In a laboratory colony of the asexual solitary endoparasitoid Venturia canescens Grav. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), two genetically and phenotypically distinct lines (RP and RM) appear to coexist sympatrically, with the reproductive success of the RM-line being greater under con-specific superparasitism but lower under self superparasitism. To investigate the basis of the RM-lines advantage under con-specific superparasitism, we examined the outcome of inter-larval physical combat under in-vitro conditions. The results showed that the outcome depended on both the relative and absolute ages of the contestants, and that the competitive abilities of the two lines were not symmetric. In contests involving a larva and an egg, the unhatched wasp lost. In contests involving two larvae, at least one of which was newly hatched, the RP-larva tended to lose. Finally, if both larvae were at least 8–10 h post-hatching when the contest occurred, then the larger larva tended to lose, with the probability increasing with the difference in length between the two larvae. Thus, the higher reproductive success of the RM-line under competing superparasitism with the RP-line is due to a physiological difference between the newly hatched larvae of the two lines, which results in an advantage to the RM-larva independent of the order or time interval between ovipositions.Communicated by P. Heeb 相似文献
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Andreas Ahrens Arnim von Gleich und Lothar Li?ner 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》2002,14(3):165-169
Ohne Zusammenfassung
Online First: 27. 03. 2002
‚Sustainable Substitution of Hazardous Substances‚; Projektbeschreibung unter wwwoekopolde oder wwwfh-hamburgdelpers/gleich_von bzw. www.uni-hamburgde/kooperationssteI1e-hh. Das Vorhaben wird vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) im F?rderschwerpunkt ‚Rahmenbedingungen für Innovationen
zum nachhaitigen Wirtschaften’ (RIW) gef?rdert und von der GSF als Projekttr?ger betreut (FkZ. O7Riw4). 相似文献
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