基于细微粒子污染的灰霾判定方法的研究

本文从细微粒子污染导致灰霾形成的角度出发,首先开展了灰霾监测实验,并对实验数据进行频数和描述性分析,研究了以PM10为主的细微粒子污染与灰霾的影响关系。确定了以PM10日平均浓度为灰霾目的判定依据,并根据中国大陆PM10污染指数的分级标准建立了灰霾等级指数,从而形成了一套根据PM10日平均浓度来确定不同等级的灰霾发生概率的方法,为灰霾预测及灰霾治理提供一定的理论依据。     

基于最佳分析粒度的大辽河流域湿地景观格局分析

湿地景观格局分析是湿地生态和全球变化研究领域的热点,最佳分析粒度是景观格局分析准确性的关键指标.定性与定量相结合,综合利用景观指数粒度效应分析和信息损失评价,确定了大辽河流域湿地景观格局的最佳分析粒度为60m.在该粒度下,选取反映空间组成和空间构型的指数,进行湿地景观格局分析.结果表明:①大辽河流域湿地景观主体为水田、...     

Multi-scale evaluation of river health in Liao River Basin, China

Previous studies on river health evaluation mainly focused on characterizations at a river-corridor scale and ignored the complex interactions between the river ecosystem and other components of the river basin. Based on the consideration of the interactions among rivers, associated river basin and habitats, an assessment framework with multi-scale indicators was developed. An index system divided among these three scales to characterize the health of river ecosystems in China’s Liao River Basin was established. Set pair analysis was applied to integrate the multi-scale indicators and determine the health classes. The evaluation results indicated that the rivers in the western and eastern zones of the Liao River were classified as sick, and rivers in the main stream of the Liao and Huntai rivers were classified as unhealthy. An excessive level of disturbances, such as large pollution loads and dense construction of water conservation projects within the river basin, were the main causes of the river health deterioration.     

流化床污泥干化系统密封工艺的国产化改进研究

文章介绍了流化床污泥焚烧干化工艺,提出了系统中氧含量控制的重要性和必要性,并阐述了在实际操作过程中问题出现的原因。针对进口设备国产化出现的系统密封问题,对污泥干化系统的影响,以及系统密封工艺的改进,与之相关的工艺操作和工艺参数的调整提出了有针对性的改进措施。通过对系统工艺的改进和系统相关工艺参数的调整,污泥干化系统的操作达到了较好的效果,使得系统氧含量的控制达到了4%以下,优于系统设计要求8%。对污泥无害化处理设备国产化进行了积极的探索和实践。     

Process safety data management program based on HAZOP analysis and its application to an ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol plant

HAZOP analysis is a process hazard analysis method that has been widely applied both within and outside the chemical processing industries. This paper presents a design method for a process safety data management program for petrochemical plants based on HAZOP analysis and demonstrates the steps of application involved in building a process safety data management system for an ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol production plant. Firstly, the production data files and relevant documents of the plants should be classified and stored in the program database as reference documents and treatment schemes for coping with abnormal situations should be collected and summarized as guidance documents. Secondly, the HAZOP analysis method is employed to identify all the dangerous deviations possibly existing in the production process of the ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol plant. Then, the relationships among the deviations, the reference documents and the guidance documents should be considered and evaluated. Finally, each dangerous deviation will be given a corresponding reference document and guidance document. The reference documents and guidance documents stored in the expert system can be utilized to help operators solve the corresponding technical problems and cope with abnormal situations. The process safety data management program will contribute to the identification, analysis and resolution of operation problems. When an abnormal situation occurs, according to the deviations exhibited in the system, the necessary reference documents and guidance documents will be quickly consulted by the operators, and an appropriate decision will be made to address the abnormal situation. Therefore, by using the process safety data management program, plant security and human safety in the petrochemical industries will be improved.     

DGGE技术及其在环境微生物中的应用

变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)具有可靠性强、重复性好、方便快捷等优点,已被广泛应用于环境科学和污染防治研究领域。介绍了变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)的基本原理和技术路线,重点介绍和讨论了DGGE技术在废水生物处理、废气生物处理和固废生物处理中的应用现状,并对该技术的应用前景进行了展望。     

生态执政能力建设初探

探讨了生态执政能力建设的重要性及其内涵,认为生态执政能力是一个政党应对环境问题的能力,关系到政治、经济、文化、社会和生态安全等方面能否持续发展。生态执政能力的内容包括制定符合生态规律和环境保护要求的路线、方针政策的能力;领导制定和实施环境保护法律、法规的能力;动员和组织政党成员及国民学习和实践环境保护知识、理念、行为和规范的能力;领导国民建设生态文明、生态文化的能力;领导国民和教育国民选择、建设可持续发展的经济模式的能力。     

Assessment of heavy metal bioavailability in contaminated sediments and soils using green fluorescent protein-based bacterial biosensors

A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based bacterial biosensor Escherichia coli DH5alpha (pVLCD1) was developed based on the expression of gfp under the control of the cad promoter and the cadC gene of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pI258. DH5alpha (pVLCD1) mainly responded to Cd(II), Pb(II), and Sb(III), the lowest detectable concentrations being 0.1 nmol L(-1), 10 nmol L(-1), and 0.1 nmol L(-1), respectively, with 2h exposure. The biosensor was field-tested to measure the relative bioavailability of the heavy metals in contaminated sediments and soil samples. The results showed that the majority of heavy metals remained adsorbed to soil particles: Cd(II)/Pb(II) was only partially available to the biosensor in soil-water extracts. Our results demonstrate that the GFP-based bacterial biosensor is useful and applicable in determining the bioavailability of heavy metals with high sensitivity in contaminated sediment and soil samples and suggests a potential for its inexpensive application in environmentally relevant sample tests.     

基于压电纤维复合材料的风沙冲击力传感器研究∗

沙尘暴是一种多发于沙漠等干旱地区的灾害天气，建（构）筑物常受其影响被侵蚀甚至产生破坏，这种破坏的本质是风沙两相流中沙粒对结构表面冲击产生细微损伤的积累。为了深入探索这种风沙两相流对结构的冲击作用和沙粒冲击力在结构表面的分布规律，研究了采用压电纤维复合材料作为力传感器来测量风沙流场中沙粒冲击力的方法，通过标定试验建立了压电传感器所受沙粒冲击力与其输出电信号之间的数学模型，构建了基于压电纤维复合材料的风沙冲击力传感器。分别采用高频测力天平和压电传感器测量低矮房屋迎风面在风沙风洞试验中所受到的沙粒冲击力，验证压电传感器测量沙粒冲击力的适用性和准确性。结果显示：两种测力方式的结果总体相差在-4.72%~5.80%，两种试验结果吻合良好；建筑物迎风面内侧所受到的沙粒冲击力大于外侧所受到的沙粒冲击力，沙粒冲击力的分布与表面风压力分布具有一定相关关系。研究成果可为结构防风沙灾害的相关研究提供参考。     

The toxicity of the glyphosate herbicide for Pardosa spiders’ predatory activity depends on the formulation of the glyphosate product

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Glyphosate is an herbicide which was previously considered safe for non-target organisms. 825.8 million kilograms of glyphosate-based products were used...