探析循环经济的发展

发展循环经济是人类对经济发展模式反思后的必然选择,是走可持续发展之路的本质要求。文章简要阐述了中国三种经济模式的特点,并分别与生态系统做了比较;分析了中国循环经济存在的不足,提出了发展循环经济的正确途径和解决方法。     

南京北郊一次霾过程中气溶胶理化特征变化研究

本研究利用单颗粒飞行时间气溶胶质谱仪(SPAMS)、宽范围粒径谱仪(WPS)并结合气象数据对南京北郊一次霾过程中气溶胶的理化特征变化进行了分析.结果表明观测期间风向变化导致的气溶胶来源变化是大气能见度变化的主要原因.最低大气能见度出现在西北气团控制期间,其次是偏东气团和北西北气团.不同方向上气溶胶粒子的粒径分布有显著的差异,其中来自西北气团的气溶胶粒子,有最大的表面积浓度,尤其是0.5~1μm粒径范围内的气溶胶粒子浓度最大;而北西北气团的气溶胶粒子主要集中在核模态和粗模态.不同气团中气溶胶粒子的化学组成也有显著的差异,其中K-nitrate、Ammonium、C3、Metal主要来自西北气团的贡献、其次为偏东气团贡献,K-Biomass、K-OC、EC、ECOC在3类气团中均有浓度贡献,其中K-OC、EC、ECOC、Dust在北西北气团所占比例最高.     

ASBR中强化活性污泥与普通活性污泥降解啤酒废水的对照研究

在厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)中采用优势菌群对活性污泥进行强化,驯化出强化活性污泥。与普通活性污泥处理啤酒废水对照显示,强化活性污泥较普通厌氧污泥驯化成熟时间短,处理效果更稳定、更有效,CODcr去除率最高达95％。培育出的强化活性污泥颗粒粒径为1．5～2．5cm,较普通活性污泥颗粒粒径更大,更均匀。     

Cd对野茼蒿种子发芽的影响

为了研究重金属Cd在野茼蒿生长初期所产生的毒性效应,本文以野茼蒿种子为实验材料,分别设定了低浓度组(0、0.2、0.5、0.8、1.0和5.0 mg·L-1)和高浓度组(0、10、25、50和100 mg·L-1)2组实验,对在Cd胁迫作用下野茼蒿种子的萌发生长进行了研究.结果表明:在低浓度(＜5 mg·L-1)下,C...     

史前人类的航海

<正>欧洲人16世纪初次探索太平洋时,有一项惊人的发现:至少在2.6万年前,某些石器时代的人类不借助任何航海工具,登上了散布在这大片海域上的千百个大小岛屿。当地的传说中,有许多关于乘坐越洋独木舟航行千百公里抵达目     

Stereoisomeric profiling of pharmaceuticals ibuprofen and iopromide in wastewater and river water, China

Stereoisomeric compositions can provide insights into sources, fate, and ecological risks of contaminants in the environment. In this study, stereoisomeric profiles of ibuprofen and iopromide were investigated in wastewater and receiving surface water of the Pearl River Delta, south China. The enantiomeric fraction (EF) of ibuprofen was 0.108–0.188 and 0.480, whereas the isomer ratio (IR) of iopromide was 1.426–1.673 and 1.737–1.898 in the influent and final effluent, respectively, suggesting stereoselective degradation occurred for both pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment. Ibuprofen showed enantioselective degradation in the anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic conditions, whereas iopromide displayed isomer-selective degradation only under the aerobic condition. In the river waters, the EF of ibuprofen was 0.130–0.327 and the IR of iopromide was 1.500–2.531. The results suggested that pharmaceuticals in the mainstream Pearl River were mainly from discharge of treated wastewater, whereas in the tributary rivers and urban canals, direct discharge of untreated wastewater represented a significant contribution. The IR of iopromide can be an applicable and efficient tracer for wastewater discharge in the environment.     

微细粉尘在静电除尘器中的运动状态分析

为了分析线板静电除尘器中的电流体动力学过程,利用FEMLAB软件对电势泊松方程和电流连续性方程进行联立耦合求解,得到线板放电过程中电场强度分布,估算电晕外区不同粒径粉尘所受到的电场力;利用Fluent软件采用动力风模拟离子风的方法计算放电通道的流场分布,得到空间速度分布图,并分析了气流扰动对颗粒物的运动状态的影响。结果表明:利用动力风模拟离子风流场的分布符合放电环境下离子风的形成过程,该方法可以简化复杂的电流体问题。不同粒径粉尘在电场空间中的运动受到的电场力、离子风力随粒径大小不同而变化很大。研究结果对静电除尘器的改造和设计有很重要的指导意义。     

Competitive adsorption and desorption of copper and lead in some soil of North China

The competitive adsorption and desorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions in the soil of three sites in North China were investigated using single and binary metal solutions with 0.01 mol·L^-1 CaCl₂ as background electrolyte. The desorption isotherms of Pb(II) and Cu(II) were similar to the adsorption isotherms, which can be fitted well by Freundlich equation (R₂>0.96). The soil in the three sites had greater sorption capacities for Pb(II) than Cu(II), which was affected strongly by the soil characteristics. In the binary metal solution containing 1∶1 molar ratio of Pb(II) and Cu(II), the total amount of Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption was affected by the simultaneous presence of the two metal ions, indicating the existence of adsorption competition between the two metal ions. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the interaction between soil and metal ions, and the results revealed that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the soil were the main binding sites of metal ions.     

固体废物六价铬分析样品碱消解快速前处理方法

提出一种固体废物六价铬分析样品快速前处理方法,其消解条件、样品分析与现行国家标准方法相同,不同的是,样品消解后,用离心方法替代过滤方法,能实现样品的快速、准确分析。     

项目教学法在高职商务英语谈判教学中的应用——以中国环境管理干部学院为例

项目教学法是教师为主导,学生为主体,项目为载体,任务为驱动,以职业能力培养为目标,以社会需求为背景的系统的教学方法。以中国环境管理干部学院为例,通过讲述项目教学法的特点及在实践教学中的应用原则,提出了项目教学法在学院商务英语谈判课堂上进行的步骤、遇到的困难,并提出了相应的改进措施。