超声波强化污水生物处理的可行性探讨

通过对超声波空化处理难降解有机废水机理和超声波辐射促进微生物活性作用机制的分析研究，提出将超声波应用于强化污水生物处理的可行性。同时设计了利用超声波空化反应单元作为污水生物处理的前处理工艺，提高污水的可生化性，和在生物处理反应器中直接进行超声波辐射提高生物处理能力的工艺。分析了超声波强化污水生物处理的影响因素，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

北京城区雨水径流水质及其主要影响因素

掌握城区雨水径流水质及其主要的影响因素是有效地利用城区雨水资源和控制城市非点源污染的基础。根据北京 1998— 2 0 0 0年大量的降雨径流水质数据 ,本文分析了城区屋面和道路雨水径流的水质变化规律及其主要影响因素城市雨水径流的水质很差 ,初期径流的污染程度甚至超过城市污水。除了空气质量的影响外 ,最重要的影响因素是屋面材料、道路类型及路面污染状况、气温、降雨强度、降雨量和降雨间隔时间等     

活性炭纤维吸附-催化燃烧装置处理有机废气

介绍一种处理有机废气的吸附－催化燃烧新型装置，以活性炭纤维为吸附剂，结合多单元分流组合式中附床，采用PLC电脑来实现整个系统的连续运行。实验运行结果表明，对于处理大风量，低浓度的有机废气，该技术与其他技术相比具有净化效率高，节能降耗，自动化水平高等优点。     

高羊茅对微牛物强化修复石油污染土壤影响的研究

进行了石油污染土壤在外源微生物菌剂和高羊茅协调作用下的强化修复试验，对外源微生物菌剂在不同植被条件下的去除特征进行了分析。分别进行了没有植物、高羊茅草坪、高羊茅草种新育草坪3种不同情况下的降解试验。结果表明，微生物菌剂对石油污染土壤有着良好的降解效果，去除率为36％-43％，而没有微生物菌剂和植被作用下的对照组的去除率仅为5．74％～6．0％；高羊茅草坪能够提高微生物进一步降解的能力，在直接铺草坪的情况下，去除率可以达到51％～62％；在播种高羊茅草种，形成新嫩草坪的情况下，去除率为48％～54％。结果表明，在直接铺高羊茅草坪条件下，微生物菌剂的强化分解作用可以提高41．6％-44．2％，在新嫩草坪作用下能够提高27．9％-30．6％，可以认为高羊茅草坪对于提高微生物菌剂的强化分解有一定的促进作用。在试验过程中还对不同修复的土壤pH值变化特性进行了分析。     

山地土壤—植物系统中汞污染问题的初步调查

调查研究表明：在山地大气、水体质量较好的环境中,柑橘（含汞量）有超标问题,其土壤汞有超背景值现象;而蔬菜土壤则无此问题,其原因可能是由于多年生植物从大气和土壤中富积微量汞的时间较一年生植物长,以及土壤中砂粒结合汞粘粒结合汞具有更高的生物活性     

情景分析法在赣江流域水污染控制规划中的应用

采用在水污染控制规划中有广泛应用的情景分析法，从流域水环境功能分区出发，根据赣江流域各市县的社会经济发展规划和污染源排放量的预测结果，对流域的水污染控制设计了一系列不同的情景方案，首先通过情景水水质模拟和情景经济分析，初选出适用的方案，再运用多目标决策方法，从水质，经费，施工，社会影响等方面进行综合评定，据此定出筛选方案优劣和先后的顺序，并提出赣江流域水污染控制规划的推荐方案，研究表明，情景分析方法对于流域的整体规划的综合性，完整性，可持续性等方面具有着良好的指导意义。     

Sustainable development of building of extensive roof greening in Taiwan

Taiwan government specifies that the average roof thermal transmittance must be less than 0.8 (w/(m²·k)) for the design of all residential buildings in order to implement the policy of saving energy. However, self-disciplined architects practice the design of aesthetic roof to blend in with green landscape so that they urgently expect the academia to provide roof greening technical information to support their idea of designing green roofs for residential buildings. In this research, a single-family housing unit is used for investigating the possibility of applying extensive roof greening to achieve building sustainable development. The experiment tasks focused on the soil denudation caused by rainwater washing and replenishing the soil carbon by irrigating the soil with gray water. Using tap water to irrigate the green roof for 12, 16, and 14 weeks causes nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium, respectively, to be reduced to less than the original levels, respectively. Applying gray water to irrigate the green roof soil will raise the soil fertility by improving nitrogen and phosphate but not obvious for potassium.     

Modeling time-dependent toxicity to aquatic organisms from pulsed exposure of PAHs in urban road runoff

Understanding of the magnitude of urban runoff toxicity to aquatic organisms is important for effective management of runoff quality. In this paper, the aquatic toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban road runoff was evaluated through a damage assessment model. Mortality probability of the organisms representative in aquatic environment was calculated using the monitored PAHs concentration in road runoff. The result showed that the toxicity of runoff in spring was higher than those in summer. Analysis of the time-dependent toxicity of series of runoff water samples illustrated that the toxicity of runoff water in the final phase of a runoff event may be as high as those in the initial phase. Therefore, the storm runoff treatment systems or strategies designed for capture and treatment of the initial portion of runoff may be inappropriate for control of runoff toxicity.     

Differential enhanced degradation of cis‐ and trans‐1,3‐D in soil with a history of repeated field applications of 1,3‐D

Abstract

The fumigant 1,3‐dichloropropene (1,3‐D) is considered to be a potential alternative to methyl bromide. The degradation rates of cis‐ and trans‐l,3‐D in soil from a treated site during three successive annual applications of 1,3‐D progressively increased with an increase in the number of annual applications. The enhancement was greater for trans‐l,3‐D degradation than cis‐l,3‐D. In untreated soil, the degradation rates of the two isomers were similar. The enhancement lasted slightly longer than 2 years after annual field application of 1,3‐D had ceased. A single field reapplication of 1,3‐D to the treated site that had not been treated for 2 years resulted in resumed differential enhanced degradation of cis‐ and trans‐l,3‐D. Microorganisms were responsible for the enhanced degradation.     

Degradation of telone II in contaminated and noncontaminated soils

Abstract

Degradation of the nematicide Telone II (cis‐ and trans‐1,3‐dichloropropene comprise the active ingredients) in soil was studied using ¹⁴C‐l,3‐dichloropropene (DCP) along with soil samples collected from a field test site near Quincy, Florida. A mixed bacterial culture isolated from the soil in the presence of a second carbon source, glucose or yeast extract, completely degraded ¹⁴C‐DCP to ¹⁴CO₂, water‐soluble products, and microbial mass. ¹⁴C‐DCP in soil was also degraded to ¹⁴CO₂. After 28 days of incubation, the labeled chemical was completely degraded to ¹⁴CO₂, water‐soluble metabolites, bound‐residues, and possibly some microbial mass. Little or no difference was observed in the degradation of ¹⁴C‐DCP in soil samples collected one week prior to field application of Telone II, or two weeks and two years after application.