Removal of arsenic (V) from aqueous medium using manganese oxide coated lignocellulose/silica adsorbents

Arsenic (V) adsorption on manganese oxide coated rice wastes was investigated in this study. The modified adsorbents were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and pH measurements to determine the point of zero charge. Batch adsorption equilibrium experiments were conducted to study the effects of pH, contact time, and initial concentration on arsenic removal efficiency. The adsorption capacity of rice waste was significantly improved after modification with permanganate. The Langmuir isotherm model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich model which confirms surface homogeneity of the adsorbent. Maxima adsorption capacities are determined as 10 and 12 mg/g at pH 3 for manganese oxide coated rice husk and straw, respectively. The adsorption energy indicates that the adsorption process may be dominated by chemisorption. Pseudo-second-order rate equation described the kinetics sorption of arsenic with good correlation coefficients, better than a pseudo-first-order equation. Manganese oxide coated rice husk and straw appear to be promising low cost adsorbents for removing arsenic from water.     

重点行业在用呼吸防护用品质量状况的调查分析

调查重点行业企业在用呼吸防护用品质量状况,发现主要问题并研究对策,促进对呼吸防护用品的监督管理。对106家企业进行问卷调查,并随机抽样37家企业对在用69种呼吸防护用品进行检测。所有企业均配发了呼吸防护用品,样品合格率为40.58%,LA认证率33.33%。防尘口罩过滤效率和泄漏率的合格率较低（40.38%和48.08%）,且国内外品牌差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;防毒口罩防护时间合格率35.29%,防护时间、过滤元件通气阻力（30 L/Min和95 L/Min）的国内外品牌差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。     

三氯生对羊角月牙藻生长及其抗氧化系统的影响

以羊角月牙藻(Selenastrum capricornutum)为实验材料,研究了三氯生(triclosan,TCS)对羊角月牙藻生长、光合作用叶绿素荧光动力学参数及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,TCS对羊角月牙藻的96h-EC50为0.112mg·L-1,属于高毒。TCS暴露对羊角月牙藻的叶绿素荧光中ABS/RC、PIabs、RC/CSo和OEC比例等参数有显著影响。随着三氯生浓度的增大,羊角月牙藻的叶绿素荧光中ABS/RC大幅上升,PIabs、RC/CSo和OEC比例下降;当三氯生浓度为0.256mg·L-1时,ABS/RC达到最大值,PIabs、RC/CSo和OEC比例下降为最小值,表明藻细胞光合作用的原初反应及电子链传递过程受到严重阻碍。同时,三氯生对羊角月牙藻体内抗氧化酶系中GST活性和MDA含量也有较大影响。在低浓度暴露下,GST活性随TCS浓度增加而增大,但当TCS浓度超过0.256mg·L-1时,GST活性出现显著下降,同时MDA含量达到最大,这种GST活性的下降同时伴随MDA含量的增加表明藻细胞膜系统受到较大损害。     

黑龙江省霜冻的气候变化特征和预报指标

利用1970-2008年地面最低气温和历史天气图资料,对黑龙江省初、终霜冻的天气气候特征进行了分析,并探讨了出现霜冻的环流形势特点,总结出黑龙江省出现霜冻的三种天气学模型:①超极地路径型;②西方路径型;③西北路径型。给出了霜冻的时空分布特征以及对预报有用的一些预报指标,对霜冻预报业务有参考作用。     

泥石流监测预警研究现状综述

在泥石流灾害频发的今天,开展泥石流监测预警是一种行之有效的预防手段。从泥石流监测内容研究(固体物源、水源条件和泥石流运动特征等)、泥石流预警临界雨量、监测预警技术方法、手段等方面对泥石流监测预警的国内外研究现状进行了回顾和总结,并对现阶段泥石流等地质灾害监测预警成功率较低所存在的问题进行了分析,进而提出建议和未来监测预警的发展趋势。     

温度变化对磷在水稻土肥际微域中迁移和转化的影响

以湖北潜江水稻土为研究对象,研究了温度变化对所施磷肥在水稻土肥际微域迁移转化的影响。实验采用室内土柱培养法,将磷酸二氢铵单施或与草酸配施后置于5℃、20℃和35℃的温度条件下,分别培养60 d或120 d后,对水稻土肥际微域内水溶性磷、有效磷及酸溶性磷的含量和分布进行了研究。结果表明：不同形态磷在水稻土肥际微域中的迁移距离均较短,单施磷酸二氢铵在5℃和20℃下肥际微域中不同形态磷迁移距离相近,均为50 mm左右,培养时间延长对迁移距离无显著影响,但在这两种培养温度下配施草酸时随着培养时间的延长,磷的迁移距离有所增加。当温度进一步升高至35℃时,配施草酸与否磷的迁移距离均比中低温条件下迁移距离减小,仅为42.5 mm左右。肥际微域中水溶性磷、有效磷和酸溶性磷含量均随着距施肥点距离的增加而显著降低。随着培养温度的升高,肥际微域水溶性磷和有效磷含量和累积量逐渐减少,但酸溶性磷含量基本呈增加趋势。同一温度下,随培养时间延长,各形态磷含量和累积量也逐渐减少。不同温度下配施草酸均能增加肥际微域内水溶性磷和有效磷的累积量。但是随着温度升高,配施草酸与否施磷后肥际微域水溶性磷和有效磷含量和累积量均有显著下降,表明温度升高施入土壤的磷的有效性下降,配施草酸对于减缓升温对磷的固定没有明显影响,但是同一温度下配施草酸可以增加肥际微域水溶性磷和有效磷的含量和累积量。肥际微域可以作为研究磷肥施入土壤后迁移转化及有效性变化的窗口,但是肥际微域中磷的变化对土体磷植物有效性的影响程度还需要进一步通过小区或大田试验进行研究。     

高大烟囱定向爆破精度影响因素分析

根据影响高大烟囱定向爆破精度的因素,对烟囱爆破切口、振动、风力及烟囱损伤、内衬、烟道口等因素进行分析,提出了一些提高定向精度的方法.     

Dissolved organic carbon, a critical factor to increase the bioavailability of phosphorus during biochar-amended aerobic composting

Considerable research efforts have been devoted to increase phosphorus（P） availability during aerobic composting.However,there is little discussion weather the dissolved organic carbon（DOC） controls the transformation among P-fractions.Thus,we investigated the changes in DOC compositions and P-fractions during biochar-amended composting（wet weight basis,5% and 10%）.TP content continuously increased since the ’concentration effect’ during aerobic composting.NaHCO₃-Pi,NaOH-Pi and HCl-Pi...     

Effect of linear alkyl benzene sulfonates (LAS) on the fate of phenanthrene in a model ecosystem (water-lava-plant-air)

Advanced closed chamber system was used to study the fate of phenanthrene (3-rings PAHs) in the presence of linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS). The results showed mineralization and metabolism of phenanthrene are fast in the “culture solution-lava-plant-air“ model ecological system. The distribution proportions of applied ^14C-activity in this simulative ecological system were 41%-45%, 14% to 10% and 1% in plant, lava and culture solution respectively, and 18% to 29%, 11% to 8% recovered in the forms of VOCs and CO2. Main parts of the applied ^14C-activity exist in two forms, one is polar metabolites(25%) which mainly distribute in the root(23%),the other is unextractable part (23%) which have been constructed into plant root (8.98%), shoot (0.53%) or bonded to lava(13.2%). The main metabolites of phenanthrene were polar compounels (25% of applied ^14C-activity), and small portion of ^14C-activity was identified as non-polar metabolites(6% of applied ^14C-activity) and apparent phenanthrene(1.91% of applied ^14C-activity). Phenanthrene and its metabolites can be taken up through plant roots and translocated to plant shoots. The presence of LAS significantly increased the the concentration of ^14C-activity in the plant and production of VOCs, at the same time it decreased the phenanthrene level in the plant and the production of CO2 at the concentration of 200 mg/L.     

论河北省高职教育发展的现状与未来

近年来,河北省的高职教育已经取得了很大的成果,然而有些院校仍然存在盲目设置专业、“双师型”教师短缺、缺乏对毕业生指导等不足。展望未来,河北高职教育应集团化,与企业密切加强合作,加大对第三产业高职人才的培养工作,同时高职院校应对周边群众提供教育与技术支持等工作。