Are servant leaders appreciated? An investigation of how relational attributions influence employee feelings of gratitude and prosocial behaviors

Multisource data collected at three time phases were used in investigating when servant leadership elicits gratitude and then promotes prosocial behaviors. We tested a moderated mediation model, contending that relational attributions moderate the relationship between servant leadership and gratitude, and then gratitude sequentially predicts interpersonal citizenship behaviors and upward voice. As hypothesized, when employees do not highly rely on relational attributions for servant leadership, they feel more gratitude and subsequently engage in more interpersonal citizenship behaviors and upward voice than the employees who rely on relational attributions to explain their interactions with the leader. The sequential indirect effect from servant leadership to upward voice via gratitude and then interpersonal citizenship behaviors was significant when relational attributions are low rather than high.     

Interactive effects of natural and human disturbances on vegetation dynamics across landscapes.

Accurate measures of human effects on landscape processes require consideration of both the direct impacts from human activities and the indirect consequences of the interactions between humans and the landscape. This is particularly evident in systems experiencing regular natural disturbances such as in the mountainous areas of southwestern China, where the remaining population of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is supported. Here the spatiotemporal patterns of human impacts, forests, and bamboo episodic die-offs combine to determine the distribution of panda habitat. To study the complex interactions of humans and landscapes, we developed an integrated spatiotemporally explicit model of household activities, natural vegetation dynamics, and their impacts on panda habitat. Using this model we examined the direct consequences of local fuelwood collection and household creation on areas of critical giant panda habitat and the indirect impacts when coupled with vegetation dynamics. Through simulations, we found that over the next 30 years household impacts would result in the loss of up to 30% of the habitat relied on by pandas during past bamboo die-offs. The accumulation and spatial distribution of household impacts would also have a considerable indirect influence on the spatial distribution of understory bamboo. While human impacts influence both bamboo die-off and regeneration, over 19% of pre-existing low-elevation bamboo habitat may be lost following an episodic die-off depending on the severity of the impacts and timing of the die-offs. Our study showed not only the importance of the spatial distribution of direct household impacts on habitat, but also the far-reaching effects of the indirect interactions between humans and the landscapes they are modifying.     

铁屑微电解-共沉淀法处理屠宰场废水的研究

利用铁屑微电解-共沉淀法处理屠宰场废水,介绍其作用机理,考察了废水pH值、铁屑用量、反应时间、曝气时间和操作方式等因素对色度和CODCr去除率的影响.结果表明,在废水pH值为4,铁屑用量为15%,常温反应4 h,曝气时间2 h条件下,色度去除率可达100%,CODCr去除率达92.68%.     

基于Matlab的BP神经网络在大气污染物浓度预测中的应用

为了寻求有效控制和改善环境质量的相应措施,选用了英国伦敦Bloomsbury监测站的PM10小时平均浓度监测资料,采用“提前终止法”泛化改进的BP神经网络模型,预测PM1024 h内的小时平均浓度。结果表明：采用BP神经网络法对大气污染物浓度进行预测,预测相对误差在2%-48%之间,且绝大部分在2%-17%之间,预测精度较高,泛化能力较好,为大气污染物浓度预测提供了一种全新的思路和方法。     

论环境移民

由于环境恶化,部分区域出现了一种特殊的人口迁移类型－环境移民。环境移民是人口增长与环境容量之间矛盾的必然结果。本文对环境移民的概念,要素和实持作了初步探讨,并艰广西移民的例子加以说明。     

包裹碎石群桩动应力响应振动台模型试验研究∗

开展了包裹碎石群桩复合地基振动台模型试验,分析了包裹碎石桩轴向动应力及桩土之间水平剪切应力的响应特性。结果表明：地震波作用下,包裹碎石桩轴向动应力沿桩身向下迅速衰减。在地震作用过程中,包裹碎石桩上部承受的水平应力较大。某一地震作用下,取包裹碎石桩桩顶水平应力时程曲线的最大值,发现该值随输入地震加速度波峰值(0.1g~0.4g)的增大先增大,之后随输入加速度波峰值(0.6g、0.9g)的增大而减小,这表明桩顶的剪切强度降低了。     

Scenario simulation of water security in China

Umited water resources, increasing demand, low use efficiency, and serious pollution result in severe water resource difficult in China. The evaluation of addressing water problems and the search for effective countermeasures that ensure sustainable water use are key to China‘ s sustainable development. The “compound water security“ consists of food security, life security, environmental security, and economic security. By establishing a conceptual model, the water security of China has been simulated in terms of four scenarios called BAU(the business-as-usual scenario), TEC(the technology and economics scenario), IVL(the institution, values, and lifestyles scenario) and TSD(toward sustainable development) in this paper. The results indicated that water crises, especially water shortages, are being experienced now and will continue to do so for a relatively long time in China and that it is possible to reach a basic balance between supply and demand of water and grain under the TSD developing pattern by a series of approaches including technological innovation, policy adjustments, and behaviour inducement.     

重钢LF炉除尘系统工艺分析与改建

论述了关于重庆钢铁股份有限公司炼钢厂LF炉除尘工艺的现状和系统的不足,并且就相关技术问题进行了分析与研讨,提出了相应的处理方案。     

沈阳市环境铅污染对儿童健康的影响

实地调查采样、结合GIS技术进行室内综合分析,系统研究了沈阳市大气、土壤、灰尘中铅污染对儿童健康的影响.结果表明,沈阳市环境中铅暴露普遍,铅污染较严重,铅浓度空间分异大,已形成4个高浓度中心.并且大气铅浓度有明显的日、季和年变化规律沈阳市环境铅污染已经影响了儿童健康,0～10岁儿童(ZPP＞2.3μmol/L)血铅范围是10.98～511.2μg/L,平均值是135.59μg/L,40%的儿童血铅水平超标.儿童血铅与大气铅相关性最大,其次是土壤和灰尘.实行无铅汽油之后,大气铅污染有了很大改善,但是土壤和灰尘中的铅容易以扬尘的方式再次进入大气,存在潜在风险,应引起有关部门足够的重视.     

Ecological issues and risk assessment in China

As a result of economic development and population explosion, global ecological environments have been severely disturbed and markedly changed. An ecological crisis involving desertification, soil erosion, degradation of land quality, loss of biodiversity and global climate change has been brought about all over the world. In order to manage ecosystems efficiently, it is necessary to assess ecological risk at multiple scales. Ecological risk is the probability that a region and/or site will experience defined ecological or environmental problems. In this paper, the ecological risks of soil erosion, desertification, and acid deposition have been assessed on a national scale according to natural and human factors, such as topography, soil, vegetation and climate. This assessment has provided very useful information for ecological environmental management in China.