The Nobel Foundation and its role for modern day science

A short account is given of the events leading to the creation, after Alfred Nobel's death 1896, of the Nobel Foundation for the management of the funds, and of the Nobel committees in charge of the selection of the Prize winners in the five areas mentioned in the will. The impact of the various and partly recently added activities of the Nobel organizations on contemporary international scientific and cultural life is briefly discussed.     

The classification of chemical reactions

The classification and shorthand designation of chemical reactions are considered. It is concluded that single-step reactions can be divided into a finite number of types, each of which could be represented by an unambiguous symbol. The various types are listed and illustrated. Multi-step reactions, however, cannot be classified (in any detail) in a limited number of ways and for such reactions the use of symbols to represent each step unambiguously results in unwieldy designations.     

Linearbeschleuniger und Tandem-van-de-Graaffs: Werkzeuge der Schwerionenforschung

The basic principles of dc-tandem and high-frequency linear accelerator are discussed by referring to the pioneering work of H. Kallmann and R. Wideröe. The 30 MV Supertandem in Daresbury, the Heidelberg combination of tandem and linac, and the universal linear accelerator Unilac of the GSI at Darmstadt serve as examples of modern heavy-ion accelerators.