HALLEY M. S. DURRANT  CHRISTOPHER P. BURRIDGE  BRENDAN P. KELAHER  NEVILLE S. BARRETT  GRAHAM J. EDGAR  MELINDA A. COLEMAN 《Conservation biology》2014,28(2):438-445

The global extent of macroalgal forests is declining, greatly affecting marine biodiversity at broad scales through the effects macroalgae have on ecosystem processes, habitat provision, and food web support. Networks of marine protected areas comprise one potential tool that may safeguard gene flow among macroalgal populations in the face of increasing population fragmentation caused by pollution, habitat modification, climate change, algal harvesting, trophic cascades, and other anthropogenic stressors. Optimal design of protected area networks requires knowledge of effective dispersal distances for a range of macroalgae. We conducted a global meta‐analysis based on data in the published literature to determine the generality of relation between genetic differentiation and geographic distance among macroalgal populations. We also examined whether spatial genetic variation differed significantly with respect to higher taxon, life history, and habitat characteristics. We found clear evidence of population isolation by distance across a multitude of macroalgal species. Genetic and geographic distance were positively correlated across 49 studies; a modal distance of 50–100 km maintained F_ST < 0.2. This relation was consistent for all algal divisions, life cycles, habitats, and molecular marker classes investigated. Incorporating knowledge of the spatial scales of gene flow into the design of marine protected area networks will help moderate anthropogenic increases in population isolation and inbreeding and contribute to the resilience of macroalgal forests. Implicaciones del Aislamiento por Distancia de Macroalgas para Redes de Áreas Marinas Protegidas  相似文献   

    

ALVIN R. BREISCH  JESSE W. JAYCOX  JAMES P. GIBBS 《Conservation biology》2014,28(3):871-873

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JUSTUS P. DEIKUMAH  CLIVE A. MCALPINE  MARTINE MARON 《Conservation biology》2014,28(6):1522-1531

Despite several decades of research on the effects of fragmentation and habitat change on biodiversity, there remain strong biases in the geographical regions and taxonomic species studied. The knowledge gaps resulting from these biases are of particular concern if the forests most threatened with modification are also those for which the effects of such change are most poorly understood. To quantify the nature and magnitude of such biases, we conducted a systematic review of the published literature on forest fragmentation in the tropics for the period 1980–2012. Studies included focused on any type of response of single species, communities, or assemblages of any taxonomic group to tropical forest fragmentation and on fragmentation‐related changes to forests. Of the 853 studies we found in the SCOPUS database, 64% were conducted in the Neotropics, 13% in Asia, 10% in the Afrotropics, and 5% in Australasia. Thus, although the Afrotropics is subject to the highest rates of deforestation globally, it was the most disproportionately poorly studied biome. Significant taxonomic biases were identified. Of the taxonomic groups considered, herpetofauna was the least studied in the tropics, particularly in Africa. Research examining patterns of species distribution was by far the most common type (72%), and work focused on ecological processes (28%) was rare in all biomes, but particularly in the Afrotropics and for fauna. We suggest research efforts be directed toward less‐studied biogeographic regions, particularly where the threat of forest fragmentation continues to be high. Increased research investment in the Afrotropics will be important to build knowledge of threats and inform responses in a region where almost no efforts to restore its fragmented landscapes have yet begun and forest protection is arguably most tenuous. Sesgos Biogeográficos y Taxonómicos en la Investigación de la Fragmentación de Bosques Tropicales  相似文献   

    

Ricarda Kather  Falko P. Drijfhout  Stephen J. Martin 《Chemoecology》2015,25(4):215-222

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Estimating continuous body size-based shifts in δ15N–δ13C space using multivariate hierarchical models     

Jonathan C. P. Reum  Rachel A. Hovel  Correigh M. Greene 《Marine Biology》2015,162(2):469-478

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Foraging effort in Magellanic penguins: balancing the energy books for survival?     

J. E. Sala  R. P. Wilson  F. Quintana 《Marine Biology》2015,162(3):501-514

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White but not bleached: photophysiological evidence from white Montastraea cavernosa reveals potential overestimation of coral bleaching     

Igor C. S. Cruz  Miguel C. Leal  Carlos R. Mendes  Ruy K. P. Kikuchi  Rui Rosa  Amadeu M. V. M. Soares  João Serôdio  Ricardo Calado  Rui J. M. Rocha 《Marine Biology》2015,162(4):889-899

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Differences in feeding adaptations in intertidal and subtidal suspension-feeding gastropods: studies on Crepidula fornicata and Crepipatella peruviana     

Casey M. Diederich  Oscar R. Chaparro  Daniela A. Mardones-Toledo  Gabriela P. Garrido  Jaime A. Montory  Jan A. Pechenik 《Marine Biology》2015,162(5):1047-1059

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Differential physiological responses to oxygen availability in early life stages of decapods developing in distinct environments     

Katharina Alter  Kurt Paschke  Paulina Gebauer  Juan-Pablo Cumillaf  Hans-Otto Pörtner 《Marine Biology》2015,162(5):1111-1124

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Anne P. St-Pierre  Patrick Gagnon 《Marine Biology》2015,162(5):1125-1135

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