江苏省循环经济政策体系建设的研究

随着江苏省循环经济工作的不断推进,构建一套适合省情的循环经济政策体系已经显得越来越重要.因此,通过对发达国家循环经济政策体系的分析,结合江苏省循环经济的开展现状,构想了一套循环经济的政策体系,并对潜在的政策风险进行了初步分析.     

扁刺栲在两种类型林分中的生长过程分析

通过对扁刺栲—华木荷林区针阔混交林、次生阔叶林的群落调查以及扁刺栲的树干解析．研究结果表明：(1)扁刺栲在针阔混交林与次生阔叶林中,胸径快速生长期分别在a8～12和a10～14之间,生长高峰值分别出现在a10和a12,最大值分别为1．07cm和0．85cm．(2)扁刺栲在针阔混交林与次生阔叶林中,树高快速生长期分别在a6～10和a10～14之间,生长高峰值分别出现在a8和a10,最大值分别为0．55m和0．56m．(3)在针阔混交林中,16a生扁刺栲单株材积达0．0134m^3,而在次生阔叶林中只有0．0103m^3．在分析不同林分中扁刺栲生长差异及其原因的基础上,建议对次生阔叶林经营应采用动态管理．     

模拟酸化下水稻土微团聚体Cu2+吸附与解吸的影响

采用低能量超声波分散和冷冻机干燥法提取太湖地区水稻土(黄泥土)微团聚体颗粒,用平衡液吸附法和CaCl2与HCl溶液的连续解吸法研究了它们在pH2～6范围内pH对Cu2 的静电吸附和专性吸附的影响。结果表明,不同粒径的微团聚体颗粒对Cu2 的吸附等温线可都用Freundlich模型来描述。Cu2 吸附量大小以下序递减,粘粒级、砂粒级、粉砂级、粗粉砂级;吸附量受其中游离氧化铁、氧化铝和有机质含量的控制。吸附量随pH升高而增加。低pH条件下利于静电吸附,吸附过程H 减少使平衡液pH上升;高pH条件下主要是专性吸附所控制,释放H 使平衡液pH下降。     

根际环境与土壤污染的植物修复研究进展

土壤污染的植物修复通常与植物根际微生物紧密相关。根际微生物群落变化与土壤污染物在根际环境中的动态，可能是对土壤污染成功进行植物修复的基本过程。可见根际环境在土壤污染的植物修复中具有明显的重要作用。文章介绍了有关重金属在根际环境中的动态、有机污染物在根际环境中的降解转化、土壤重金属污染与土壤有机污染的植物修复研究进展。     

基于Pathfinder的装配式建筑施工安全应急疏散研究*

为保障装配式建筑现场安全施工,提高紧急事件发生时现场施工人员安全疏散效率,利用Pathfinder软件进行建模,并结合人员体征、疏散速度和人员比例等进行仿真模拟,分析施工现场主体施工阶段预制构件、机械器具等物品堆放数量、位置规划和现场施工人员数量等因素对疏散时间影响。结果表明:装配式建筑现场施工人员疏散瓶颈区域为室内走廊和疏散楼梯口处;施工场地内物品堆放数量和位置规划对疏散时间影响较大;每层现场施工人员数量达到一定数值时,需采取限制措施。研究结果可为装配式建筑施工现场疏散通道合理规划和施工现场安全管理提供理论依据。     

金鱼藻与铜绿微囊藻共生情况下的化感作用

研究了金鱼藻(Ceratophfllum demersum)和铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)共生时二者之间的相互作用.通过追踪测定铜绿微囊藻的藻细胞密度、叶绿素a浓度、藻胆蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量,研究了金鱼藻对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用机制,以及铜绿微囊藻对金鱼藻生长的胁迫.结果表明,金鱼藻对铜绿微囊藻有明显的抑制作用,作用96 h后藻细胞完全死亡;排除营养和光的竞争影响,认为抑制作用主要是由化感作用引起的.培养过程中,铜绿微囊藻叶绿索a和藻胆蛋白(包括藻蓝蛋白、别藻蓝蛋白和藻红蛋白)都有不同程度的损伤;作用末期,藻蓝蛋白的损伤程度最大,叶绿素a次之.藻细胞SOD活性以及MDA含量均呈先升高后降低的趋势.铜绿微囊藻对金鱼藻也有一定胁迫作用,使其生长量减少,叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素含量降低.     

Degradation of chlorpyrifos alone and in combination with chlorothalonil and their effects on soil microbial populations

In practice, pesticides are usually applied simultaneously or one after another for crop protection, and this type of pesticide application often leads to a combined contamination of pesticide residues in the soil environment. A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the influence of chlorothalonil on chlorpyrifos degradation and its effects on soil bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete populations. Under the experimental conditions here, the half-lives of chlorpyrifos alone, and in combination with chlorothalonil, at the recommended and double dosages, were measured to be 3.24, 2.77, and 2.63 d, respectively. Chlorpyrifos degradation was not significantly altered by its combination with chlorothalonil. However, the inhibitory effect of chlorpyrifos on soil microorganisms was increased by its combination with chlorothalonil, and the increase was related to the levels of chlorothalonil added. Compared to those in the controls, the populations of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were significantly reduced by 44.1%, 61.1%, and 72.8%, respectively, on the first day after treatment (DAT) by chlorpyrifos alone. With the addition of chlorothalonil, the inhibition was increased to 55.2%, 79.3%, and 85.8% at the recommended dosage, and 86.0%, 94.1%, and 90.8% at the double dosage, at one DAT, respectively. The results suggested that combined effects should be taken into account to assess the actual impacts of pesticide applications.     

Organic carbon stratification and size distribution of three typical paddy soils from Taihu Lake region, China

Developing realistic soil carbon (C) sequestration strategies for China’s sustainable agriculture relies on accurate estimates of the amount, retention and turnover rates of C stored in paddy soils. Available C estimates to date are predominantly for the tilled and flood-irrigated surface topsoil (ca. 30 cm). Such estimates cannot be used to extrapolate to soil depths of 100 cm since soil organic carbon (SOC) generally shows a sharp decrease with depth. In this research, composite soil samples were collected at several depths to 100 cm from three representative paddy soils in the Taihu Lake region, China. Soil organic carbon distribution in the profiles and in aggregate-size fractions was determined. Results showed that while SOC decreased exponentially with depth to 100 cm, a substantial proportion of the total SOC (30%–40%) is stored below the 30 cm depth. In the carbon-enriched paddy topsoils, SOC was found to accumulate preferentially in the 2–0.25 and 0.25–0.02 mm aggregate size fractions. σ13C analysis of the coarse micro-aggregate fraction showed that the high degree of C stratification in the paddy topsoil was in agreement with the occurrence of lighter @1313C in the upper 30 cm depth. These results suggest that SOC stratification within profiles varies with di erent pedogenetical types of paddy soils with regards to clay and iron oxyhydrates distributions. Sand-sized fractions of aggregates in paddy soil systems may play a very important role in carbon sequestration and turnover, dissimilar to other studied agricultural systems.     

放射性污染植物修复中超富集植物的数值评价

目前超富集植物在放射性污染植物修复评价体系中还没有明确的核素富集量限定值,借鉴辐射环境评价方式,明确放射性污染低剂量概念,推算达干预水准时的植物富集系数,结合放射性废物管理规定,计算富集系数应达到的水平,提出了重要核素的超富集植物评价的新的量值概念;建立修复年限模式,讨论了一定生物量和生物富集系数对修复年限的影响。结果表明,根据上述因素导出的各重要核素的超富集植物最低富集系数略有不同,分别是Cs-137:0.70、Sr-90:0.86、Co-60:2.89、Pu-239:0.26、Am-241:0.21、Cm-244:0.12、U-235:0.18、U-238:0.052。良好的超富集植物,其富集系数应再提高一个数量级。     

含TMT的高分子整体多孔滤板去除水中铅的研究

制备含有2,4,6-三硫代三聚氰酸钠(TMT)的多孔高分子滤板,测定了该滤板对水溶液中Pb2+的吸附性能。讨论了溶液温度、pH值和流速对吸附性能的影响。结果表明:它对Pb2+具有较高的吸附容量和较快的吸附速度。铅离子的去除率超过90%,高分子滤板经再生实验后可循环使用。