平菇原生质体的高效制备及再生优化条件

以杂优1号平菇为出发菌株,对其原生质体制备、再生的各关键因子及条件进行比较研究,结果表明,其原生质体制备的优化条件为:以0.6 mol/L MgSO4为稳渗剂配制浓度为15 mg/mL新鲜溶壁酶液,菌丝与酶液比w/V=1mg:8μL,取培养6 d的菌丝200 mg,自然pH下28℃小平板酶解6 h,原生质体得率可达2.80×107个/mL.原生质体再生实验结果表明,50 U/mL链霉素能有效控制平菇原生质体再生的杂菌污染.孟加拉红对平菇原生质体再生具强抑制作用,抑制率达93%.进一步研究证实,0.6 mol/L的MsSO4、KCI等无机盐稳渗剂对原生质体制备的得率较高,而0.6 mol/L的蔗糖作为稳渗剂的平菇原生质体再生率较高.图4表3参23     

Effect of soil crust on evaporation and dew deposition in Mu Us sandy land, China

The development of soil crust on sandy land may affect the surface hydrological process. This paper investigates the process of evaporation and dew deposition influenced by different soil surface types which were dominated by sand, primitive biotic crust, and advanced biotic crust, respectively, in the south fringe of Mu Us sandy land in Northwest China from July to September of 2006. The experimental results indicate that the advanced biotic crust could increase evaporation and dew deposition compared to the primitive biotic crust and bare sand although the differences between them were not significant. The average evaporation from advanced biotic crust, primitive biotic crust and sand was 6.8, 6.6, and 6.5 mm/d, respectively, and water content is around 16.2 % in the condition of initially identical soil. The average dew amount on advanced biotic crust was 0.116 mm/d with extreme 0.05 and 0.24 mm/d. The average values on primitive biotic crust and sand were 0.105 and 0.101 mm/d, respectively, with extreme 0.04 and 0.21 mm/d for both treatments. Also, the dew deposition on advanced biotic crust seemed stable and might rest for a longer time than that on primitive biotic crust and sand. The results suggest that the advanced biotic crust possibly facilitates evaporation and dew deposition. Therefore, the development of biotic crust may potentially enhance the hydrological circulation in the upper sand layer in sandy land.     

Comprehensive evaluation of heavy metal contamination of sediment in Lake Dianchi by using modified AHP method and Cs dating

Through the use of general sampling and measurement by ¹³⁷ Cs dating, problems regarding the absence of monitoring data can easily be resolved. Further, weighted values need to be determined while Environment Quality Comprehensive Index (EQCI) is commonly used as applied in environmental quality comprehensive evaluation. In order to overcome the subjectivity in determining weights, the modified Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was designed. The modified AHP method involved the following key procedures: First, the parameters y_i1 and y_i2 were calculated based on the monitoring data; second, the factors were put in order according to the symbol and value of y_i1 and y_i2; third, the continuous odd integers, which represented the importance of factors, were given to factors according to their seating order; and, fourth, the factor weights were determined from the pair-wise comparison matrix calculated by the ratio of the given odd integers. Therefore, the weights were completely based on the monitoring data. In the present study, the comprehensive quality of sediments in five sections of Lake Dianchi were evaluated and the results indicated that the current contamination of sediments in each lake section is much more serious than at any other time in history.     

九寨沟自然保护区4种水深梯度下芦苇分株地上生物量的分配与生长

芦苇是世界自然遗产--九寨沟自然保护区的一种重要的湿地植物.本文对该地区芦苇海4个不同水深梯度下芦苇的无性系地上分株的生物量分配、生长与繁殖策略进行了比较研究.结果表明,在47 cm (水在土层表面上)水深环境中,芦苇单株的平均生物量(4.2 g)最大.在-15 cm (水在土层表面下15 cm)的生境中,叶生物量百分比(叶生物量占单株总生物量的百分比, 46.1%)最大.芦苇地上分株高度、地上分株有分枝的单株百分比(茎上有分枝的分株占样地总分株的百分数)也存在明显的差别.茎的生物量分配百分比和生长速率随水深的增加而增加.在滩地生境中,开花率、花序的生物量百分比明显大于水较深的生境.分株株高与分株生物量、茎生物量与叶生物量都表现出较明显的幂指数异速生长规律.在-15 cm水深的生境中,叶生物量的生长快于茎的增长;在其他水深梯度的生境中,则是茎生物量的增加快于叶生物量的增加.     

小麦根际土壤汞的分布和形态变化

采用根际箱试验和连续化学萃取法,结合氢化物原子吸收光谱法,研究了非根际和根际土壤汞形态分布特征及小麦(Triticum aestivum)生长期土壤汞形态变化.结果表明.非根际汞形态分布顺序为:残渣态>强有机质结合态>碳酸盐铁锰氧化物结合态>腐殖酸络合态>水溶态>交换态,根际汞形态分布为:残渣态>碳酸盐铁锰氧化态>强有机质结合态>交换态>腐殖酸络合态>水溶态.当外源汞进入土壤后,在小麦生长60 d内,植物吸收使残渣态汞和水溶态汞含量明显降低,交换态汞和碳酸盐铁锰氧化态汞含量增加.土壤汞污染程度越大,在小麦中积累的汞就越多.其生物毒性增强,环境危害加大.     

杆状病毒包涵体蛋白的共同抗原性

在比对已公布的37种杆状病毒包涵体蛋白氨基酸序列的基础上,选定棉铃虫核型多角体病毒(HaNPV)多角体蛋白的两个高度保守多肽(54-113aa和206-245aa)制备多克隆抗体,用Western blot法检测这两个高度保守多肽与多种杆状病毒包涵体蛋白之间的血清学关系.结果表明,HaNPV多角体蛋白的两个多肽的抗体与14种核型多角体病毒的多角体蛋白和5种颗粒体病毒的颗粒体蛋白均有明显的杂交信号,表明杆状病毒的包涵体蛋白之间具有共同的抗原决定簇.根据杆状病毒包涵体蛋白之间的这种血清学关系,进一步讨论了利用免疫金试纸技术检测病毒杀虫剂中包涵体含量的可行性.     

铅（Pb^2＋）致高血压大鼠胸主动脉病变的相关基因及信号转导途径

采用表达芯片研究铅(Pb2+)致高血压大鼠模型病变主动脉的基因表达谱,以及可能涉及的信号转导途径.结果表明,Pb2+致高血压大鼠和对照组相比,在3463个已知基因和表达序列标签(EST)中,有24个基因和1个EST表达上调幅度≥2倍;有2个基因和1个EST表达下调幅度≥2倍.在差异表达≥2倍的26个基因中,有13个上调的基因与细胞凋亡、局部粘附、细胞生长、增殖、细胞迁移、平滑肌兴奋、胶原重构等生物学过程相关;2个下调基因与能量代谢有关.表达差异基因相对集中的信号途径是与细胞运动、增殖和存活关系密切的局部粘附信号途径.     

沈阳市大气挥发性有机物（VOCs）污染特征

2008年4月～2009年7月间,选取沈阳市不同功能区5个监测点位,采集了4个不同季节的大气VOCs样品187个,利用三级冷阱预浓缩-GC-MS方法测定了108种大气VOCs物质,考察了沈阳市大气VOCs浓度水平及其时空分布情况,并对其主要的来源进行识别. 结果表明,沈阳市大气总VOCs平均质量浓度为(371.0±132.4)μg/m³,其中含量最高的组分为含氧化合物（57.2%）,其次为卤代烃（20%）,烷烃（11.4%）、芳香烃（8.5%）和烯烃（3.0%）. 全市大气总VOCs浓度呈现出春秋浓度较高,冬夏浓度较低的季节变化特征. 主要受工业排放源的影响,商业中心点大气VOCs浓度在冬季的08:00～10:00时段、 12:00～16:00时段和20:00～22:00时段均出现峰值,而夏季则呈现出10:00～12:00时段和18:00～20:00时段的双峰现象. 工业区点位和商业中心区点位浓度高于其它功能区点位,清洁对照点周围由于没有明显的大气VOCs排放源,浓度水平最低. 相关性和比值分析结果表明,机动车燃烧、煤炭生物质燃烧、汽油溶剂挥发和工艺过程是沈阳市大气VOCs的主要来源.     

哈尔滨松北区城市湿地的生态安全分析

以哈尔滨松北区城市湿地为研究对象,选择10个指标,采用因子分析法和聚类分析法,研究了松花江发生污染事故前后城市湿地的生态安全状况.结果表明:发生污染前哈尔滨松北区城市湿地东区的生态安全程度最高,发生污染后中区的生态安全程度最低;西区的抗干扰能力较差.各主因子中以水因子的下降幅度最大,说明水污染直接影响了哈尔滨松北区城市湿地的生态安全.最后有针对性地提出了哈尔滨松北区城市湿地的生态安全对策.      

填海造地生态损害评估:理论、方法及应用研究

论文建立了一系列生态-经济模型,用于评估填海造地生态损害的价值以及被填海域作为生产要素的价值。用所建立的模型对厦门填海造地进行经验估算,得出在厦门每m²填海造地生态损害的价值为279元,远远高于现行的填海造地海域使用金征收标准。加上海域作为生产要素的价值,厦门工业用填海造地海域使用金征收标准应该为327.82元/m²,商业用填海造地的海域使用金征收标准应该为相邻土地价格的50%～55%。研究结果可以为制定填海造地规划和控制填海造地的经济手段提供强有力的科技支撑。