Inorganic nitrogen metabolism in marine bacteria: The intracellular free amino acid pools of a marine pseudomonad

The marine pseudomonad bacterium PL₁ contains an intracellular pool of free amino acids which consist mainly of glutamate with small amounts of glutamine and aspartate when grown in a nutrient medium containing 0.2 M NaCl. When the NaCl concentration of the growth medium is increased to 0.8 M, proline becomes a major component of the intracellular pool together with glutamate—at this molarity and under suitable nutrient conditions these amino acids comprise 20% of total bacterial amino acid nitrogen. When grown in a nutrient growth medium containing a constant level of NaCl, the intracellular pool size can vary by a factor of 4 depending on the concentration of carbon and nitrogen in the medium. Experiments show that the amino acid pool can act as a nitrogen reserve but has little function as a carbon reserve. At high NaCl concentrations there is a marked dependence for growth on the presence of sufficient potassium in the medium. However, no correlation between K⁺ and glutamate concentration in either nitrogen or K⁺-limited cultures has been found. None of the enzymes associated with glutamate biosynthesis was influenced by NaCl levels between 0.2 and 0.5 M. Neither Na⁺ or K⁺ stimulated the activity of these enzymes when tested in vitro.     

吸附法处理焦化废水的研究进展

焦化废水是煤制焦炭、煤气净化及焦化产品回收过程中产生的废水,其成分复杂多变,属于难处理的工业废水。介绍了近年来焦化废水的吸附处理技术,包括常用吸附剂及吸附法与其它方法联用的应用情况。     

废水生物脱氮新工艺

介绍了短程硝化-反硝化、厌氧氨氧化和分段进水生物脱氮3种污水生物脱氮新工艺的原理和特点,并对每一种工艺的影响因子进行了分析,为废水生物脱氮工艺的研究提供了新的方向.     

Urban planning and sustainable development under transitional economy: a case study of Guangzhou

There are always conflicts between the need for conservation and economic growth in the developing countries. Planning plays a primary role in balancing these conflicts. This is particularly obvious in Chinese cities since China adopted its open door policy in 1978. Foreign investment has been a major driving force for rapid growth of the Chinese economy. Planners in China have been facing the dilemma of protecting the natural environment on the one hand while, on the other hand, supporting the overall national goal of attracting foreign investment to maintain continuous economic growth. The planning system in China, which has been largely based on a planned economy, soon found itself handicapped in safeguarding the environment from rapid industrialization and urbanization fostered by market forces. This paper takes Guangzhou as an example to study challenges to the planning system in Chinese cities in the past two decades of rapid economic growth and urbanization. By means of a case study on an industrial development within a protected orchard area in Guangzhou, this study illustrates the conflict between the need for rural conservation and the pressure for economic development in the Chinese cities. In particular, it analyzes the pressures on the present urban planning system in China in terms of the following categories: the emergence of private investors in urban development; the goal of pursuing a high economic growth rate; the implications of a transitional economy for urban planning; and the weakness of the present urban planning system. It concludes that the role of urban planning in China should change from simply providing guidelines on board land-use strategy, to a combination of a strategic plan with specific development control laws at the operational level. Finally, some recommendations are suggested as to how to improve the planning system in China.     

Geologic processes influence the effects of mining on aquatic ecosystems

Geologic processes strongly influence water and sediment quality in aquatic ecosystems but rarely are geologic principles incorporated into routine biomonitoring studies. We test if elevated concentrations of metals in water and sediment are restricted to streams downstream of mines or areas that may discharge mine wastes. We surveyed 198 catchments classified as "historically mined" or "unmined," and based on mineral-deposit criteria, to determine whether water and sediment quality were influenced by naturally occurring mineralized rock, by historical mining, or by a combination of both. By accounting for different geologic sources of metals to the environment, we were able to distinguish aquatic ecosystems limited by metals derived from natural processes from those due to mining. Elevated concentrations of metals in water and sediment were not restricted to mined catchments; depauperate aquatic communities were found in unmined catchments. The type and intensity of hydrothermal alteration and the mineral deposit type were important determinants of water and sediment quality as well as the aquatic community in both mined and unmined catchments. This study distinguished the effects of different rock types and geologic sources of metals on ecosystems by incorporating basic geologic processes into reference and baseline site selection, resulting in a refined assessment. Our results indicate that biomonitoring studies should account for natural sources of metals in some geologic environments as contributors to the effect of mines on aquatic ecosystems, recognizing that in mining-impacted drainages there may have been high pre-mining background metal concentrations.     

成渝地区一次区域重污染过程来源解析及减排效果研究

基于嵌套网格空气质量预报模式(NAQPMS)及耦合的污染来源追踪模块模拟2017年12月16日至2018年1月3日成渝地区一次区域重污染过程,定量解析成渝地区主要城市PM2.5来源,评估过程中应急减排的成效。结果表明,天气静稳和风向辐合是造成此次重污染过程的重要因素,污染峰值阶段,成渝地区多个城市PM2.5日均质量浓度超过150μg/m3,达到重度污染级别。污染过程中,成都市PM2.5本地排放的贡献率为42%,眉山和德阳贡献率将近30%;重庆市PM2.5本地排放的贡献率为60%,外来输送以湖北、湖南和其他地区为主,贡献率为24%,成都和重庆市的工业源和交通源的贡献最大。区域联防联控应急减排对成渝各城市空气质量改善效果显著,成渝地区PM2.5浓度降低率为5%~11%,对于未实施应急预警方案的地区(如眉山市)受周边城市减排影响,浓度降低可达6%。     

巷道断面形状对围岩散热规律的影响研究

为了研究巷道断面形状特征对围岩散热特性的影响,结合矿井通风的实际情况,建立贴体坐标系下二维径向围岩非稳态导热的微分方程.利用坐标变换方法将实际物理平面内的控制方程转换到规则的计算平面内进行求解.以水力半径为1.2 m的不同断面形状的巷道为研究对象,利用自主编制的基于有限体积法(FVM)的C++求解程序,对其内部温度场变化情况开展数值模拟研究.结果表明,矿井通风初期的前5年内,围岩温度场的分布特点受巷道断面形状的影响较为显著.围岩散热呈现各向异性特点,且通风时间越长各向异性的特点越显著.通过数据分析拟合发现,巷道围岩的调热圈半径随通风时间呈指数变化,且经历相同通风时间后,调热圈半径随形状因子增大呈线性增加趋势.巷道壁面平均温度和散热热流密度随形状因子增大而降低,但二者随时间变化的轨迹不同.     

加速溶剂萃取法(ASE)测定土壤中酞酸酯类有机物

应用加速溶剂萃取法(ASE)对土壤样品进行前处理测定酞酸酯类有机物,根据溶质在不同溶剂中溶解度不同,在较高的温度和压力下选择合适的溶剂,高效、快速地萃取固体或半固体样品中的待测物.与传统萃取技术相比,ASE技术具有操作简单、萃取效率高、萃取时间短、回收率高、所需溶剂用量少、对环境二次污染小等优势.     

Towards a contraction and convergence target based on population life expectancies since 1960

This paper explores a finding that emerged in the early phases of a multidisciplinary project applying population health and psychology to issues of social progress and sustainability. Across 180 countries and half a century of data, the levels of carbon emissions per capita that maximise life expectancy fall within a tight band averaging only 6.6 tonnes—considerably less than wealthier countries emit per person. Various tests fail to break down the curves and, although the authors remain cautious, the stability since 1960 offers implications for the carbon budget leading up to 2050. This is the first time these curves have been contextualised against established climate science, with timely implications for international negotiations on sustainability and development.