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51.
Adsorption of arsenic(V) by iron-oxide-coated diatomite (IOCD) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yi-Fong Pan Cary T. Chiou Tsair-Fuh Lin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(8):1401-1410
Purposes and aims
Economically efficient methods for removing arsenic from the drinking water supply are urgently needed in many parts of the world. Iron oxides are known to have a strong affinity for arsenic in water. However, they are commonly present in the forms of fine powder or floc, which limits their utility in water treatment. In this study, a novel granular adsorbent, iron-oxide-coated diatomite (IOCD), was developed and examined for its adsorption of arsenic from water. 相似文献52.
废弃中药渣催化热解制取生物油的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用热重分析仪(TGA)对植物类中药渣的热解特性进行了研究,用Coats-Redfern积分法计算了其热解动力学参数,得出中药渣热解反应符合一级反应动力学方程,其活化能较低,为36.0kJ/mol。考察了热解温度对气体、液体、固体产物的影响,在723K时,液体产物生物油产率最高,为39%。以介孔分子筛SBA-15以及分别负载Al、Sn、Ni、Cu和Mg的SBA-15作为催化剂,研究催化热解对气体、液体、固体产率及生物油组分的影响。研究表明,Al-SBA-15的催化效果较好,液体产率最高,为36%;采用元素分析仪和热值测定仪,得到用Al-SBA-15作为催化剂时生物油的氧质量分数最低,低位热值最高。用GC/MS对生物油组分的分析结果表明,添加Al-SBA-15后,热解产物中脂肪族和芳香族化合物增加,而含氧化合物减少。 相似文献
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Laboratory batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate the immobilization of phosphorus (P) in soils using synthetic magnetite nanoparticles stabilized with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-NP). Although CMC-stabilized magnetite particles were at the nanoscale, phosphorus removal by the nanoparticles was less than that of microparticles (MP) without the stabilizer due to the reduced P reactivity caused by the coating. The P reactivity of CMC-NP was effectively recovered when cellulase was added to degrade the coating. For subsurface non-point P pollution control for a water pond, it is possible to inject CMC-NP to form an enclosed protection wall in the surrounding soils. Non-stabilized “nanomagnetite” could not pass through the soil column under gravity because it quickly agglomerated into microparticles. The immobilized P was 30% in the control soil column, 33% when treated by non-stabilized MP, 45% when treated by CMC-NP, and 73% when treated by both CMC-NP and cellulase. 相似文献
56.
Characterization of plutonium in deep-sea sediments of the Sulu and South China Seas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wei Dong Jian Zheng Qiuju Guo Shaoming Pan 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(8):622-1899
Anthropogenic Pu isotopes are important geochemical tracers for sediment studies. Their distributions and sources in the water columns as well as the sediments of the North Pacific have been intensively studied; however, information about Pu in the Southeast Asian seas is limited. To study the isotopic composition of Pu, and thus to identify its sources, we collected sediment core samples in the South China Sea and the Sulu Sea during the KH-96-5 Cruise of the R/V Hakuho Maru. We analysed the activities of 239+240Pu and the atom ratios of 240Pu/239Pu using isotope dilution sector-field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS). The 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios in the sediments of both areas (inventory weighted mean: 0.251 for the South China Sea and 0.280 for the Sulu Sea) were higher than the global fallout value (0.178 ± 0.019), suggesting the existence of Pu from the Pacific Proving Grounds in the North Pacific. Low inventories of 239+240Pu in sediments were observed in the South China Sea (3.75 Bq/m2) and the Sulu Sea (1.38 Bq/m2). Most of the Pu input is still present in the water column. Scavenging and benthic mixing processes were considered to be the main processes controlling the distribution of Pu in the deep-sea sediments of both study areas. 相似文献
57.
通过静态动力学和热力学吸附实验,研究了温度、共存离子以及溶质的初始浓度对As(V)在金红石TiO2颗粒表面吸附的影响,探讨了As(V)在金红石TiO2颗粒表面吸附特性及机理。结果表明,在As(V)初始浓度为10 mg/L,pH为7的条件下,25℃时的吸附量0.41 mg/g高于30℃时的吸附量0.31 mg/g,As(V)在金红石TiO2上的吸附为放热过程。CaCl2和MgCl2的添加对As(V)在金红石TiO2表面吸附起到明显的促进作用。T=25℃,Ca2+或Mg2+浓度为10 mmol/L时,As(V)吸附量分别为0.64和0.56 mg/g,Ca2+比Mg2+对As(V)吸附促进作用强。As(V)在金红石TiO2的吸附等温线符合Frendlich方程,Lagergren二级动力学方程能较好地描述As(V)在金红石TiO2颗粒表面吸附的动力学过程。 相似文献
58.
Kuan Lun Pan Sheng Jen Yu Shaw Yi Yan 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2014,64(11):1260-1269
Direct decomposition of N2O by perovskite-structure catalysts including La2NiO4, LaSrNiO4, and La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4 was investigated. The catalysts were prepared by the Pechini method and characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), BET, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and O2-TPD. Experimental results indicate that the properties of La2NiO4 are significantly improved by partially substituting La with Sr and Ce. N2O decomposition efficiencies achieved with LaSrNiO4 and La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4 are 44 and 36%, respectively, at 400ºC. As the temperature was increased to 600ºC, N2O decomposition efficiency achieved with LaSrNiO4 and La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4 reached 100% at an inlet N2O concentration of 1,000 ppm, while the space velocity was fixed at 8,000 hr?1. In addition, effects of various parameters including oxygen, water vapor, and space velocity were also explored. The results indicate that N2O decomposition efficiencies achieved with LaSrNiO4 and La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4 are not significantly affected as space velocity is increased from 8,000 to 20,000 hr?1, while La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4 shows better tolerance for O2 and H2O(g). On the other hand, N2 yield with LaSrNiO4 as catalyst can be significantly improved by doping Ce. At a gas hour space velocity of 8,000 hr?1, and a temperature of 600ºC, high N2O decomposition efficiency and N2 yield were maintained throughout the durability test of 60 hr, indicating the long-term stability of La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4 for N2O decomposition.
Implications:Nitrous oxide (N2O) not only has a high global warming potential (GWP100 = 310), but also potentially destroys ozone in the stratosphere. Pervoskite-type catalysts including La2NiO4, LaSrNiO4, and La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4 are applied for direct N2O decomposition. The results show that N2O decomposition can be enhanced as Sr and Ce are doped into La2NiO4. At 600ºC, N2O decomposition efficiencies achieved with LaSrNiO4 and La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4 reach 100%, demonstrating high activity and good potential for direct N2O decomposition. Effects of O2 and H2O(g) contents on catalytic activities are also evaluated and discussed. 相似文献
59.
Ting-Long Pan Hong-Shu Wan Zhi-Cheng Ji 《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2014,7(2):103-110
This paper presents a stand-alone wind power system with battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage. A stand-alone wind power system mainly consists of a wind turbine, a permanent magnet synchronous generator, hybrid energy storage devices based on a vanadium redox flow battery and a supercapacitor, an AC/DC converter, two bidirectional DC/DC converters, a DC/AC converter and a variable load. Several control strategies for the stand-alone wind power system are involved such as a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control, a vanadium redox flow battery charge/discharge control and a supercapacitor charge/discharge control. The proposed MPPT control combines a sliding mode control with an extreme search control to capture maximum wind energy. This strategy avoids the necessity of measuring wind velocity, obtaining models or parameters of the wind turbine and calculating the differentials of the power generated from the wind power system and from the speed of the generator. The battery charge/discharge control maintains a constant DC bus voltage. When the battery charging/discharging current reaches the setting threshold, the charge/discharge control of the supercapacitor is triggered to limit the charging/discharging current of the battery. The simulation results show that the proposed method can rapidly respond to variations in wind velocity and load power. 相似文献
60.
我国台风灾害救助应急响应的时空分布特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于2005 - 2010年历次台风灾害救助应急响应的启动和损失情况,在统计分析响应频次和响应灾情的基础上,研究分析了国家台风灾害救助应急响应的时空分布特征.结果表明,国家台风灾害救助应急响应的时空分布特征大致反映了我国重大台风灾害损失的时空分布特征和我国台风灾害救助工作的发展变化和新思路:①2005 - 2010年,国家共针对24次台风过程启动救助应急响应51次,平均每年8.5次,其中四级、三级响应分别为41次、10次,平均每年6.8次、2.5次,分别占80%和20%.②7-9月国家启动台风应急响应最多,10月、5月和4月偶有分布.③近年重大台风损失2005 - 2006年严重,2007 - 2010年则较轻;国家针对台风灾害启动响应从东南沿海向内陆和北方沿海省份递减.④紧急转移安置人口是启动响应依据最多的指标,且呈现明显的逐年下降趋势,反映了近年来国家对台风灾害救助工作的重视和以“预防为主”的应急管理新思路. 相似文献