Adsorptive removal of antibiotics from water using magnetic ion exchange resin

The occurrence of antibiotics in the environment has recently raised serious concern regarding their potential threat to aquatic ecosystem and human health. In this study, the magnetic ion exchange(MIEX) resin was applied for removing three commonly-used antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole(SMX), tetracycline(TCN) and amoxicillin(AMX) from water.The results of batch experiments show that the maximum adsorption capacities on the MIEX resin for SMX, TCN and AMX were 789.32, 443.18 and 155.15 μg/m L at 25°C,respectively, which were 2–7 times that for the powdered activated carbon. The adsorption kinetics of antibiotics on the MIEX resin could be simulated by the pseudo-second-order model(R~2= 0.99), and the adsorption isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir model(R~2= 0.97). Solution p H exhibited a remarkable impact on the adsorption process and the absorbed concentrations of the tested antibiotics were obtained around the neutral p H.The MIEX resin could be easily regenerated by 2 mol/L Na Cl solution and maintained high adsorption removal for the tested antibiotics after regeneration. Anion exchange mechanism mainly controlled the adsorption of antibiotic and the formation of hydrogen binding between the antibiotic and resin can also result in the increase of adsorption capacity. The high adsorption capacity, fast adsorption rate and prominent reusability make the MIEX resin a potential adsorbent in the application for removing antibiotics from water.     

Typical atmospheric haze during crop harvest season in northeastern China: A case in the Changchun region

This study presents the mass concentrations of PM_(2.5),O_3,SO_2 and NOxat one urban,one suburban and two rural locations in the Changchun region from September 25 to October 272013. Major chemical components of PM_(2.5)at the four sites were daily sampled and analyzed. Most of daily concentrations of SO_2(7–82 μg/m~3),O_3(27–171 μg/m~3) and NOx(14–213 μg/m~3) were below the limits of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard(NAAQS)in China. However,PM_(2.5)concentrations(143–168 μg/m~3) were 2-fold higher than NAAQS.Higher PM_(2.5)concentrations(~ 150 μg/m~3) were measured during the pre-harvest and harvest at the urban site,while PM_(2.5)concentrations significantly increased from 250 to400 μg m~(-3) at suburban and rural sites with widespread biomass burning. At all sites,PM_(2.5)components were dominated by organic carbon(OC) and followed by soluble component sulfate(SO_4~(2-)),ammonium(NH_4~+) and nitrate(NO_3~-). Compared with rural sites,urban site had a higher mineral contribution and lower potassium(K~+and K) contribution to PM_(2.5).Severe atmospheric haze events that occurred from October 21 to 23 were attributed to strong source emissions(e.g.,biomass burning) and unfavorable air diffusion conditions.Furthermore,coal burning originating from winter heating supply beginning on October 18 increased the atmospheric pollutant emissions. For entire crop harvest period,the Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF) analysis indicated five important emission contributors in the Changchun region,as follows: secondary aerosol(39%),biomass burning(20%),supply heating(18%),soil/road dust(14%) and traffic(9%).     

铁改性热处理凹凸棒颗粒对水体磷的去除效果

传统粉末态除磷材料颗粒过细,从而导致其难与水分离,这极大限制了其在实际工程中的应用。以热处理颗粒态凹凸棒黏土为载体（1~2 mm）,采用氯化铁（FeCl₃）活性负载的方法制备颗粒态吸附磷材料,并详细研究了吸附材料除磷的最佳改性条件、反应时间、影响因素及其效率。结果表明:2 mol/L氯化铁溶液改性的凹凸棒达到最佳改性条件,且磷的吸附能较好地被朗格缪尔方程模拟,其最大吸附量为4.27 mg/g,是原状黏土固磷容量的2倍左右。铁改性凹凸棒土除磷效率受pH值的影响较大,当水体pH值从4提高到11,去除率下降了10%左右。吸附动力学表明,铁改性凹凸棒土对磷的吸附符合拟二级动力学方程,24 h内可以去除84.46%的磷。0.2 mol/L的盐酸对铁改性凹凸棒的再生效果最优,再生后吸附剂对磷的吸附效率下降40%左右。以上研究结果表明,铁改性凹凸棒土可以作为低浓度水体磷去除材料,具有较大的应用前景。     

锑矿冶炼区周边土壤吸附Sb (V)的行为研究

本文通过吸附平衡和动力学实验方法对Sb（V）在锑矿冶炼区周边土壤表面开展吸附行为研究,用常用的等温吸附模型和动力学吸附模型分别对等温吸附曲线和动力学吸附曲线进行拟合。结果表明：Langmuir与Freundlich模型对荒地土和林地土吸附Sb（Ⅴ）的等温吸附曲线均有较好的拟合效果,拟合系数R²0.988。荒地土对Sb（Ⅴ）的吸附能力大于林地土,其吸附量是林地土的2.9±0.2倍,这与Langmuir模型预测的该两种土壤的吸附倍数相当,荒地土表现出强烈吸附Sb（Ⅴ）的能力,尤其在锑浓度较高的体系中更为明显。结合土壤基本理化性质及矿物学特征,认为土壤秥粒、铁矿物和碳酸钙是影响土壤吸附Sb（V）的主要因素。有机质对土壤吸附Sb（Ⅴ）有一定促进作用,但这种影响只表现在Sb（Ⅴ）初始浓度低的条件下;而在Sb（Ⅴ）初始浓度高的条件下,有机质对土壤吸附Sb（Ⅴ）的影响不明显。土壤吸附Sb（Ⅴ）的过程分为快速吸附和慢速吸附两个阶段,快速反应发生在70 min以内。初始浓度低（0.01 mmol/L）的条件下,Elovich方程能够很好地拟合荒地土和林地土吸附Sb（V）的动态曲线;初始浓度高（2 mmol/L）的条件下,双常数方程对荒地土吸附Sb（V）的拟合效果较好,拟一级动力学方程和拟二级动力学方程则适用于拟合林地土吸附Sb（V）的过程。     

基于神经网络的三江源区草地地上生物量估算

三江源区位于青藏高原腹地,作为长江、黄河、澜沧江三大河流的发源地,是我国重要的水源涵养和生态功能保护区.为了及时准确地获取该区域草地生物量信息,根据三江源区高寒草甸、高寒草原采样点的地上生物量实测值,结合遥感植被指数、海拔、气象观测数据（光合有效辐射、年均气温、年降水量）构建BP神经网络模型,估算2001—2010年三江源区的草地地上生物量,并对其进行分县统计和年际变化分析.结果表明:① 通过多次反复的训练与测验得到的BP神经网络模型,对高寒草甸、高寒草原的地上生物量模拟值与实测值的R2分别为0.73、0.79,表明BP神经网络模型具有较好的模拟效果.② 2001—2010年三江源区草地地上生物量多年平均值为172.34 g/m2,其中高寒草甸为214.81 g/m2,高寒草原为130.07 g/m2.③ 三江源区草地地上生物量的空间分布具有明显的空间异质性,呈从东南向西北递减的趋势.其中,位于东部的河南县草地地上生物量最高,为413.46 g/m2;而北部的曲麻莱最低,仅为69.04 g/m2.④ 2001—2010年三江源区草地地上生物量呈缓慢波动上升趋势,平均升幅为0.93 g/（m2·a）.研究显示,利用站点地上生物量实测数据构建BP神经网络模型并对地上生物量进行模拟,对于分析区域尺度的草地地上生物量分布格局和变化趋势行之有效.      

贵州兴仁煤矿区水环境的水化学特征

贵州省兴仁县煤矿区水体水质的分析结果表明,矿山水、地下水、河水水质类型分别为[S]CaⅡ型、[C]CaⅠ型、[S][C]CaⅠ型。矿山水具有高矿化度、高硬度、高电导率、低pH值的特征。而地下水和河水具有矿化度偏高、总硬度中等的水化学特征。煤矿开采过程中对研究区地表水的水质有较大的影响,矿山水水体中的Fe、Mn、Al含量明显超标,水化学演化受控于矿业活动和地质背景条件。     

水相中CCl4和CHCl3的紫外光解机理

利用瞬态吸收光谱技术研究水体污染物CCl₄和CHCl₃在紫外光照条件下的转化和归宿,表明在248nm激光作用下,CCl₄解离为CCl₃和Cl自由基;CHCl₃在此条件下不解离,但加入少量的苯后即发生明显解离,产生CHCl₂和Cl自由基.在有氧条件下,光解产生的CCl₃和CHCl₂自由基均与O₂反应分别生成CCl₃O₂和CHCl₂O₂;在无氧条件下,CCl₃和CHCl₂则发生偶合反应分别生成C₂Cl₆和C₂H₂Cl₄.本研究还得出了一些微观速率常数.     

啤酒生产节水减污的潜力和机会

针对啤酒生产耗水量和废水污染物排放量大的问题，本文对制麦、糖化、发酵和灌装各环节进行分析，提出丛啤酒的生产过程削减水耗、减水废水污染物排放的方案。     

微生物细胞絮凝物的分离筛选

本文阐述了我实验室开展的絮凝性微生物研究工作。此项研究得到絮凝性菌株3株，给出絮凝活性与生长量的关系，初步建立了适合我地区的絮凝性细菌的筛选方法。     

水相中CCl4和CHCl3的紫外光解机理

利用瞬态吸收光谱技术研究水体污染物CCl4 和CHCl3 在紫外光照条件下的转化和归宿 ,表明在 2 4 8nm激光作用下 ,CCl4 解离为CCl3 和Cl自由基 ;CHCl3 在此条件下不解离 ,但加入少量的苯后即发生明显解离 ,产生CHCl2 和Cl自由基 .在有氧条件下 ,光解产生的CCl3 和CHCl2 自由基均与O2 反应分别生成CCl3O2 和CHCl2 O2 ;在无氧条件下 ,CCl3 和CHCl2 则发生偶合反应分别生成C2 Cl6和C2 H2 Cl4 .本研究还得出了一些微观速率常数 .