多杀菌素、阿维菌素乳油和高效氯氰菊酯3种农药对环境生物的安全性评价

防治同一类病虫害的农药种类很多,在保证药效的前提下,选择对施药环境中其他生物安全的农药是非常必要的。通过毒性试验,比较了25 g·L^-1多杀菌素悬浮剂、1.8%阿维菌素乳油和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂对环境生物蜜蜂、家蚕、赤眼蜂、大型溞和斑马鱼的风险。结果表明,25 g·L^-1多杀菌素悬浮剂对蜜蜂为高毒,对家蚕为剧毒,对赤眼蜂为高风险,对斑马鱼和大型溞为低毒;1.8%阿维菌素乳油对蜜蜂为高毒,对家蚕为剧毒,对赤眼蜂为高风险,对斑马鱼和大型溞为剧毒;4.5%高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂对蜜蜂为高毒,对家蚕为剧毒,对赤眼蜂为高风险,对斑马鱼和大型溞为剧毒。3种农药对家蚕、蜜蜂、赤眼蜂均为高风险,但与阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯相比多杀菌素对水生生物更安全。     

Macrozoobenthic assemblages in relation to environments of the Yangtze-isolated lakes

Eutrophication can shift lakes from a clear, macrophyte-dominated state to a turbid, algae-dominated state, and different habitat condition supports different fauna. Macrozoobenthos are good indicators of water environment, and studies on macrozoobenthic assemblage characteristics can help us to know which state a lake is in, thus provide the basis for its eutrophication control. In this study, a systematic investigation on macrozoobenthos was conducted in 17 Yangtze-isolated lakes to explore the macroecological laws of macrozoobenthic assemblages. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) revealed that variance of benthic assemblage structure occurred in two types of lakes. In macrophytic lakes, altogether 51 taxa of macrozoobenthos were identified. The average density and biomass of total macrozoobenthos were 2231 individuals·m^?2 and 1.69 g dry weight·m^?2, respectively. Macrozoobenthic assemblage was characterized by dominance of scrapers (i.e. gastropods). In algal lakes, altogether 20 taxa of macrozoobenthos were identified. The average density and biomass of total macrozoobenthos were 2814 individuals·m^?2 and 1.38 g dry weight·m^?2, respectively. Macrozoobenthic assemblage was characterized by dominance of collector-gatherers (i.e. oligochaetes). Wet biomass of submersed macrophytes (B _Mac) and phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a) were demonstrated as the key factor structuring macrozoobenthic assemblages in macrophytic and algal lakes, respectively.     

In Vivo Observation of Lidocaine-Encapsulated Polymyxin/Glycol Nanoparticles Wound Dressing for the Treatment and Care of Abdominal Pain Incision in Intensive Care Unit

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The developments of lidocaine chloride loaded nanoparticles are encouraging biomaterials, which could be used for wound healing applications for abdominal...     

综合利用在含铬废水处理工艺改进上的体现

针对含铬废水处理站运行状况进行了分析,找出了不符合ISO14001标准的因素,结合公司“三废”具体实际,进行了工艺改进,以废治废和回用水资源,实现清洁生产。     

Influence of pore size and membrane surface properties on arsenic removal by nanofiltration membranes

Four NF membranes were compared regarding arsenate rejection and their properties. Rejection of arsenate had no relationship with membrane pore size. A more negative surface charge was favorable for arsenate rejection at neutral pH. A severe membrane fouling could lead to a great reduction of arsenic rejection. Nanofiltration (NF) has a great potential in removing arsenate from contaminated water. The performance including arsenate rejection, water permeability and resistance to fouling could however differ substantially among NF membranes. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of membrane pore size and surface properties on these aspects of membrane performance. Four fully-aromatic NF membranes with different physicochemical properties were adopted for this study. The results showed that surface charge, hydrophobicity, roughness and pore size could affect water permeability and/or arsenate rejection considerably. A more negative surface charge was desirable to enhance arsenate rejection rates. NF90 and a non-commercialized membrane (M#1) demonstrated the best performance in terms of arsenate rejection and water permeability. The M#1 membrane showed less membrane fouling than NF90 when used for filtration of real arsenic-containing groundwater. This was mainly due to its distinct chemical composition and surface properties. A severe membrane fouling could lead to a substantial reduction of arsenic rejection. The M#1 membrane showed the best performance, which indicated that membrane modification could indeed enhance the overall membrane performance for water treatment.     

鲍鱼对2种多环芳烃的富集动力学研究

为探究多环芳烃(PAHs)在海洋生物体内富集过程,选择皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)作为受试生物,应用半静态双箱动力学模型,分别考察了3-甲基菲和9,10-甲基蒽2种多环芳烃在皱纹盘鲍体内的富集动力学过程,通过非线性拟合获得鲍鱼对2种多环芳烃的吸收速率常数(K_1)、释放速率常数(K_2)、生物富集因子(BCF),以及平衡状态下鲍鱼体内2种多环芳烃的含量(Cmax)、生物学半衰期(t_(1/2))等动力学参数。结果表明,鲍鱼对9,10-甲基蒽富集动力学参数K_1、K_2、BCF、Cmax、t_(1/2)的平均值分别为4.9437、0.406、13.59、790.03μg·L~(-1)、3.78 d。鲍鱼对3-甲基菲富集动力学参数K_1、K_2、BCF、Cmax、t_(1/2)的平均值分别为2.3023、0.367、5.97、354.37μg·L~(-1)、3.13 d。鲍鱼在不同浓度下对3-甲基菲和9,10-甲基蒽的生物富集过程均符合双箱动力学模型。     

球团竖炉烟气脱硫工程应用研究

论述了文氏栅洗涤器及其配套系统在球团竖炉烟气脱硫工程应用方面的研究,介绍了双碱法在文氏栅洗涤器及其配套系统中的脱硫机理和工艺过程。同时对设备的防腐和废水、废渣的处理,系统的常规检测和自动监测都作了相应的研究。对文氏栅洗涤器的脱硫除尘效率、设备及工程投资、工业运行成本作了适当的介绍。文氏栅洗涤器具有良好的组合特性,适用的烟气量范围广,是用于炉窑烟气脱硫除尘的理想设备,具有广阔的开发应用前景。     

可燃气体检测仪的校正系数及其应用

可燃气体检测仪广泛应用于石化、煤矿等危险场所的气体检测。校正系数是影响仪器正确使用的重要因素。论述了校正系数既相似又不同的原因,阐述了合理选择校正气体的原则,分析了校正系数对测量结果的影响,总结了目前气体检测仪器生产及使用存在的问题,并提出了解决建议。     

冷轧乳化废水的电凝聚处理

针对冷轧高浓度含油乳化废水,使用电絮凝工艺进行了研究,探讨了pH值、电流密度、反应时间、NaCl投加量和板间距等因素对电絮凝的影响,试验比较了电絮凝与其他化学方法对高浓度乳化液的处理效果,得到了令人满意的结果。     

多参量综合指标冲击地压预测技术研究

提出了"全局-区域-局部"多参量综合指标冲击地压预测技术,多种预测方法相互协调与配合、优势互补,形成空间上层次化全方位的预测体系,可极大提高冲击地压预测准确性。结合老虎台矿冲击地压发生机理与影响因素,提出利用微震法对采区全局范围内微震事件进行实时监测,划分具有冲击危险区域,全局范围预测冲击地压;利用电磁辐射法监测工作面及巷道近场围岩的应力场和煤岩变形破坏变化状况,确定近场围岩高冲击危险区域,局部范围预测冲击地压;采用矿压监测法和钻屑法对确定具有冲击危险的区域进行重点监测,判断冲击危险程度,对采取防治措施后的防冲效果进行检测;采用采空区气体分析法预测电磁辐射法和矿压观测法等无法监测到的采空区的冲击地压。实践证明:全局-区域-局部"多参量综合指标预测技术的各种预测方法在功能上表现出明显的互补特征,在老虎台矿的冲击地压预报中取得良好效果。