甲醛对人支气管上皮细胞的毒性及N-乙酰半胱氨酸的保护作用

为研究甲醛对人支气管上皮细胞存活率的影响及N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)的保护效应,以0、50、100、150、200、300和400μmol·L-1甲醛处理人支气管上皮BEAS-2B细胞24 h,200μmol·L-1甲醛处理BEAS-2B细胞0、6、24和48 h。以不同浓度(0、0.1、1和10 mmol·L-1)NAC预处理1 h或不同时间(预先3、1 h加入NAC、同时加入甲醛和NAC及加入200μmol·L-1甲醛1、3 h后)加入1 mmol·L-1NAC,再以200μmol·L-1甲醛处理BEAS-2B细胞(甲醛处理时间均为24 h),CCK-8(cell counting kit-8)实验和倒置相差显微镜观察甲醛对BEAS-2B细胞存活率的影响及NAC的保护作用。结果显示,甲醛以剂量依赖性方式引起BEAS-2B细胞死亡。200μmol·L-1甲醛处理BEAS-2B细胞6 h,细胞存活率下降,与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(p0.05)。随甲醛处理时间的延长细胞存活率明显下降,存在时间效应关系。不同浓度和不同时间NAC处理可拮抗甲醛引起的细胞存活率下降,存在剂量效应关系,NAC不同时间处理组间细胞存活率未见明显差异。研究表明,甲醛以剂量和时间依赖性方式引起支气管上皮细胞存活率下降,NAC以剂量依赖性方式对甲醛引起的损伤具有保护作用。     

中国近海和河口环境铜污染的状况

我国铜消费量已稳居世界前列,但随之而来的是铜带来的环境污染压力。铜污染问题不但在内陆环境逐渐突出,而且在近海和河口环境也日趋严重。通过分析近年来发表的我国近海河口海水、沉积物、牡蛎的铜含量数据,评估我国近海和河口环境的铜污染现状。数据显示,我国近海和河口环境大部分地区铜污染水平较低,但存在个别污染严重的区域。沉积物柱状样的数据显示,我国近海河口环境铜污染水平在过去几十年中呈逐渐上升趋势。铜污染已经开始威胁我国近海和河口环境的健康发展。"蓝牡蛎"和"绿牡蛎"是我国近海河口生物受铜污染影响的一个典型例子。多地发现"蓝牡蛎"的现象印证了铜污染源在近海河口环境普遍存在的观点。牡蛎受重金属污染而变色是一个值得研究的污染现象,它包含了复杂的生物学和生态学因素。本文探讨了"蓝牡蛎"和"绿牡蛎"形成的机制。     

模拟氮沉降对兴安落叶松林凋落物分解的影响

试验施加NH4NO3、KNO3和NH4Cl3种氮肥,设置对照（N0,0 kg·hm-2·a-1）、低氮（N1,10 kg·hm-2·a-1）、中氮（N2,20kg·hm-2·a-1）、高氮（N3,40 kg·hm-2·a-1）4个施氮水平,通过交互试验,研究模拟N沉降对大兴安岭兴安落叶松（Larix gmelinii）林凋落物分解的影响。结果表明,在兴安落叶松林凋落物分解过程中,叶分解最快,其次是枝,分解最慢的为果,在分解16个月后,枝、叶、果的质量残留率分别为76.68%、47.98%和80.43%,3者异极其显著（p〈0.01）。凋落物叶分解95%所需时间为6.71 a,而枝和果所需时间分别为18.07和18.10 a。在模拟大气氮沉降下凋落物分解过程中,施加KNO3,N2处理下的枝、叶、果的质量残留率极显著低于N3处理（p〈0.01）,显著低于N0和N1处理。施加NH4Cl下,N1处理显著低于N0处理（p〈0.05）。在施加NH4NO3下,N1水平处理下的枝、叶、果的分解速率显著增加（p〈0.05）,但是随着施氮量的增加,分解速率就会减慢,N3处理下,有着明显的抑制作用（p〈0.05）,说明氮沉降对于凋落物分解有着促进作用,但是随着时间和氮沉降量的增加,促进作用延缓甚至是抑制作用。     

多杀菌素、阿维菌素乳油和高效氯氰菊酯3种农药对环境生物的安全性评价

防治同一类病虫害的农药种类很多,在保证药效的前提下,选择对施药环境中其他生物安全的农药是非常必要的。通过毒性试验,比较了25 g·L^-1多杀菌素悬浮剂、1.8%阿维菌素乳油和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂对环境生物蜜蜂、家蚕、赤眼蜂、大型溞和斑马鱼的风险。结果表明,25 g·L^-1多杀菌素悬浮剂对蜜蜂为高毒,对家蚕为剧毒,对赤眼蜂为高风险,对斑马鱼和大型溞为低毒;1.8%阿维菌素乳油对蜜蜂为高毒,对家蚕为剧毒,对赤眼蜂为高风险,对斑马鱼和大型溞为剧毒;4.5%高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂对蜜蜂为高毒,对家蚕为剧毒,对赤眼蜂为高风险,对斑马鱼和大型溞为剧毒。3种农药对家蚕、蜜蜂、赤眼蜂均为高风险,但与阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯相比多杀菌素对水生生物更安全。     

Macrozoobenthic assemblages in relation to environments of the Yangtze-isolated lakes

Eutrophication can shift lakes from a clear, macrophyte-dominated state to a turbid, algae-dominated state, and different habitat condition supports different fauna. Macrozoobenthos are good indicators of water environment, and studies on macrozoobenthic assemblage characteristics can help us to know which state a lake is in, thus provide the basis for its eutrophication control. In this study, a systematic investigation on macrozoobenthos was conducted in 17 Yangtze-isolated lakes to explore the macroecological laws of macrozoobenthic assemblages. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) revealed that variance of benthic assemblage structure occurred in two types of lakes. In macrophytic lakes, altogether 51 taxa of macrozoobenthos were identified. The average density and biomass of total macrozoobenthos were 2231 individuals·m^?2 and 1.69 g dry weight·m^?2, respectively. Macrozoobenthic assemblage was characterized by dominance of scrapers (i.e. gastropods). In algal lakes, altogether 20 taxa of macrozoobenthos were identified. The average density and biomass of total macrozoobenthos were 2814 individuals·m^?2 and 1.38 g dry weight·m^?2, respectively. Macrozoobenthic assemblage was characterized by dominance of collector-gatherers (i.e. oligochaetes). Wet biomass of submersed macrophytes (B _Mac) and phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a) were demonstrated as the key factor structuring macrozoobenthic assemblages in macrophytic and algal lakes, respectively.     

In Vivo Observation of Lidocaine-Encapsulated Polymyxin/Glycol Nanoparticles Wound Dressing for the Treatment and Care of Abdominal Pain Incision in Intensive Care Unit

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The developments of lidocaine chloride loaded nanoparticles are encouraging biomaterials, which could be used for wound healing applications for abdominal...     

综合利用在含铬废水处理工艺改进上的体现

针对含铬废水处理站运行状况进行了分析,找出了不符合ISO14001标准的因素,结合公司“三废”具体实际,进行了工艺改进,以废治废和回用水资源,实现清洁生产。     

Influence of pore size and membrane surface properties on arsenic removal by nanofiltration membranes

Four NF membranes were compared regarding arsenate rejection and their properties. Rejection of arsenate had no relationship with membrane pore size. A more negative surface charge was favorable for arsenate rejection at neutral pH. A severe membrane fouling could lead to a great reduction of arsenic rejection. Nanofiltration (NF) has a great potential in removing arsenate from contaminated water. The performance including arsenate rejection, water permeability and resistance to fouling could however differ substantially among NF membranes. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of membrane pore size and surface properties on these aspects of membrane performance. Four fully-aromatic NF membranes with different physicochemical properties were adopted for this study. The results showed that surface charge, hydrophobicity, roughness and pore size could affect water permeability and/or arsenate rejection considerably. A more negative surface charge was desirable to enhance arsenate rejection rates. NF90 and a non-commercialized membrane (M#1) demonstrated the best performance in terms of arsenate rejection and water permeability. The M#1 membrane showed less membrane fouling than NF90 when used for filtration of real arsenic-containing groundwater. This was mainly due to its distinct chemical composition and surface properties. A severe membrane fouling could lead to a substantial reduction of arsenic rejection. The M#1 membrane showed the best performance, which indicated that membrane modification could indeed enhance the overall membrane performance for water treatment.     

鲍鱼对2种多环芳烃的富集动力学研究

为探究多环芳烃(PAHs)在海洋生物体内富集过程,选择皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)作为受试生物,应用半静态双箱动力学模型,分别考察了3-甲基菲和9,10-甲基蒽2种多环芳烃在皱纹盘鲍体内的富集动力学过程,通过非线性拟合获得鲍鱼对2种多环芳烃的吸收速率常数(K_1)、释放速率常数(K_2)、生物富集因子(BCF),以及平衡状态下鲍鱼体内2种多环芳烃的含量(Cmax)、生物学半衰期(t_(1/2))等动力学参数。结果表明,鲍鱼对9,10-甲基蒽富集动力学参数K_1、K_2、BCF、Cmax、t_(1/2)的平均值分别为4.9437、0.406、13.59、790.03μg·L~(-1)、3.78 d。鲍鱼对3-甲基菲富集动力学参数K_1、K_2、BCF、Cmax、t_(1/2)的平均值分别为2.3023、0.367、5.97、354.37μg·L~(-1)、3.13 d。鲍鱼在不同浓度下对3-甲基菲和9,10-甲基蒽的生物富集过程均符合双箱动力学模型。     

球团竖炉烟气脱硫工程应用研究

论述了文氏栅洗涤器及其配套系统在球团竖炉烟气脱硫工程应用方面的研究,介绍了双碱法在文氏栅洗涤器及其配套系统中的脱硫机理和工艺过程。同时对设备的防腐和废水、废渣的处理,系统的常规检测和自动监测都作了相应的研究。对文氏栅洗涤器的脱硫除尘效率、设备及工程投资、工业运行成本作了适当的介绍。文氏栅洗涤器具有良好的组合特性,适用的烟气量范围广,是用于炉窑烟气脱硫除尘的理想设备,具有广阔的开发应用前景。