Mechanism and kinetics of aluminum dissolution during copper sorption by acidity paddy soil in South China

Soil aggregates were prepared from a bulk soil collected from paddy soil in the Taihu Lake region and aluminum (Al) dissolution, solution pH changes during copper (Cu^2 +) sorption were investigated with static sorption and magnetic stirring. Kinetics of Cu^2 + sorption and Al dissolution were also studied by magnetic stirring method. No Al dissolution was observed until Cu^2 + sorption was greater than a certain value, which was 632, 450, 601 and 674 mg/kg for sand, clay, silt, and coarse silt fractions, respectively. Aluminum dissolution increased with increasing Cu^2 + sorption and decreasing solution pH. An amount of dissolved Al showed a significant positive correlation with non-specific sorption of Cu^2 + (R² > 0.97), and it was still good under different pH values (R² > 0.95). Copper sorption significantly decreased solution pH. The magnitude of solution pH decline increased as Cu^2 + sorption and Al dissolution increased. The sand and clay fraction had a less Al dissolution and pH drop due to the higher ferric oxide, Al oxide and organic matter contents. After sorption reaction for half an hour, the Cu^2 + sorption progress reached more than 90% while the Al dissolution progress was only 40%, and lagged behind the Cu^2 + sorption. It indicated that aluminum dissolution is associated with non-specific sorption.     

Impacts of produced water origin on bacterial community structures of activated sludge

The purpose of this study was to reveal how activated sludge communities respond to influent quality and indigenous communities by treating two produced waters from different origins in a batch reactor in succession. The community shift and compositions were investigated using Polymerase Chain Reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR–DGGE) and further16 S ribosomal DNA(r DNA) clone library analysis. The abundance of targeted genes for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) degradation, nah Ac/phn Ac and C12O/C23 O, was tracked to define the metabolic ability of the in situ microbial community by Most Probable Number(MPN) PCR. The biosystem performed almost the same for treatment of both produced waters in terms of removals of chemical oxygen demand(COD) and PAHs. Sludge communities were closely associated with the respective influent bacterial communities(similarity 60%), while one sludge clone library was dominated by the Betaproteobacteria(38%) and Bacteriodetes(30%)and the other was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria(52%). This suggested that different influent and water quality have an effect on sludge community compositions. In addition, the existence of catabolic genes in sludge was consistent with the potential for degradation of PAHs in the treatment of both produced waters.     

焦作市工业行业的生态效率

以工业城市焦作市为例,选择工业能源消费和污染物(包括废水、固体废物、SO2、烟尘等)排放作为环境负荷,定量分析工业分行业的生态效率及分行业特定环境负荷对总环境负荷的贡献率.结果表明,能源效率最高的行业是黑色金属矿采选业(FMM),为43.19万元·tce-1,贡献率为0.003%;废水排放相关环境效率最高的是交通运输设...     

基于低浓度瓦斯利用的换热器设计及数值分析*

为提高低浓度瓦斯利用效率,对螺旋式、列管式、翅片式3种换热方式进行参数化研究,探讨不同形状换热方式对预热效果的影响,并通过改变流速和温度研究螺旋管换热效果。结果表明:螺旋管换热效果相对最佳,并在vh=0.9 m/s,vc=2.0 m/s时换热温度相对最高。同时,随换热温度升高,出口温度逐渐升高,随速率增加,出口温度先升高后降低。通过研究换热器形状对换热效果的影响,优化换热方式设计,为低浓度瓦斯高效利用提供理论依据。     

Control strategies for disinfection byproducts by ion exchange resin,nanofiltration and their sequential combination

● Effects of AER adsorption and NF on DBP precursors, DBPs, and TOX were examined. ● A treatment approach of resin adsorption followed by nanofiltration was developed. ● Both DOC and Br⁻ could be effectively removed by the sequential approach. ● DBPs, TOX, and cytotoxicity were significantly reduced by the sequential approach. Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are emerging pollutants in drinking water with high health risks. Precursor reduction before disinfection is an effective strategy to control the formation of DBPs. In this study, three types of anion exchange resins (AERs) and two types of nanofiltration (NF) membranes were tested for their control effects on DBP precursors, DBPs, and total organic halogen (TOX). The results showed that, for AER adsorption, the removal efficiencies of DBP precursors, DBPs, and TOX increased with the increase of resin dose, and the strong basic macroporous anion exchange resin (M500MB) had the highest removal efficiencies. For NF, the highest removal efficiencies were achieved at an operating pressure of 4 bar, and the membrane (NF90) with a smaller molecular weight cut-off, had a better control efficiency. However, AER adsorption was inefficient in removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC); NF was inefficient in removing Br⁻ resulting in insufficient control of Br-DBPs. Accordingly, a sequential approach of AER (M500MB) adsorption followed by NF (NF90) was developed to enhance the control efficiency of DBPs. Compared with single AER adsorption and single NF, the sequential approach further increased the removal efficiencies of DOC by 19.4%–101.9%, coupled with the high Br⁻ removal efficiency of 92%, and thus improved the reduction of cyclic DBPs and TOX by 3.5%–4.9%, and 2.4%–8.4%, respectively; the sequential approach also reduced the cytotoxicity of the water sample by 66.4%.     

地质高背景与污染叠加区不同土地利用方式下土壤重金属分布特征

黔西北喀斯特地质高背景和历史遗留土法炼锌污染叠加,导致土壤重金属污染严重.为了解不同土地利用方式对土壤重金属分布的影响,选择威宁县某在产锌粉厂小流域为研究区域,共采集表层和剖面土壤样品126件,对农用地、荒地和林地土壤重金属(Cd、As、Pb、Cu和Zn)的空间分布、来源和生态风险进行分析和评价.结果表明,研究区表层土...     

深圳市南山区环境管理信息系统研究

以深圳市南山区为例,分析研究环境管理与分析信息系统的设计、建立与应用,首先,根据结构化程序设计思想,从用户需求分析,数据库设计,基本业务管理,环境评价分析模型和系统定义５个方面论述了环境管理信息系统设计的概念模型,其次,在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ环境下,以ＦｏｘＰｒｏｗ为主要支持工具,结合其它ＧＩＳ软件,建立了全中文界面的深圳市南山区环境管理与分析信息系统,其中有数据库、业务管理、环评模型、统计分析、空间分     

三相生物流化床膨胀特性方程的研究

研究建立了描写三相生物流化床床层膨胀特性的经验关联式．当已知床内表观液速、表观气速和载体上生物膜厚度时,能比较准确地预测床层膨胀高度,为设计提供依据．与以往不同的是,本研究通过等效函数的设置和求解,用一个方程将两相床和三相床的膨胀特性描述出来．该方程能反映三相床低气速下的床层收缩行为,在气速为零时可还原为两相床．试验用反应器直径１．４ｍ,高６．５ｍ,载体为０．３—０．５ｍｍ的石英砂,射流曝气体内充氧．４种生物膜厚：５２,８０,１１５,１３７μｍ．试验用生活污水ＢＯＤ５４７．６—７７．２ｍｇ／Ｌ．     

呋喃丹与稻田土壤生物活性的相互影响

呋喃丹(Carbofuran,2,3-二氢-2,2-二甲基-7-苯骈呋喃甲基氨基甲酸酯)是一种高效、广谱杀虫、杀线虫剂。自1982年国务院决     

温室效应对气候和农业的影响

本文综述温室效应及因氟氯碳化合物的增加使平流层臭氧减少紫外辐射增加对气候和农业的影响.介绍低层空气二次污染物臭氧增加的影响.