A discussion to promote global sustainability techniques for motivating plastic waste to minimize carbon footprints

This paper emphasizes the significant challenges facing the sustainable environment, including managing and handling plastic waste and reducing carbon footprints. To tackle these challenges, it is essential to identify people's awareness levels of waste handling techniques and their pro-environmental behaviors. The study focuses on Guwahati, one of the most important cities in Northeast India, which generates increasing plastic waste daily. The paper aims to identify the factors contributing to the reduction of carbon footprints resulting from plastic waste management activities. The data collected from 1326 respondents was analyzed using factor analysis, and the reliability of the dataset was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha (0.84 for the awareness level of waste management techniques and 0.780 for the prevalent mode of plastic waste management techniques). KMO (0.796), Bartlett's test of sphericity (p < 0.001), and determinant score (0.019) were used to assess the data adequacy and factorability of the dataset, and the results were found to be satisfactory. Principal component analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and varimax orthogonal rotation method were used to identify high-loaded factors by reducing the number of variables. The results showed that two highly loaded components, namely awareness level of waste management techniques (AWMT) and prevalent mode of plastic waste management techniques (PWMT), explained 27.53% and 24.34% of the total variance, respectively, with eigenvalues of 3.35 and 2.88. The regression model confirmed the statistical significance of these factors (p < 0.001) and their relationship with the dependent variable, greenhouse reduction (GHGR). The study proposes that minimizing carbon footprints in the environment can be achieved by focusing on a limited number of controllable factors such as AWMT and PWMT. This study provides valuable insights to the authorities in controlling waste generation and achieving a pollution-free environment.     

太湖西苕溪流域地表水、地下水硝酸盐污染特征及来源

为探寻西苕溪流域地下水中NO₃--N的污染来源,对西苕溪流域地表水、地下水体的NO₃--N污染状况进行了调查,并结合水化学与NO₃--N同位素对其来源进行解析. 结果显示,西苕溪流域地表水的ρ(NO₃--N)为1.07～3.45 mg/L,ρ(NO₂--N)为0.15～0.35 mg/L;地下水中ρ(NO₃--N)为3.24～15.31 mg/L,平均值达9.26 mg/L. 下游地区地下水的ρ(NO₂--N)较高(0.26～4.25 mg/L),平均值达3.00 mg/L. ρ(NO₃-)与ρ(Cl-)的关系显示,西苕溪地表水、地下水存在比较稳定的NO₃--N输入来源. NO₃--N同位素分析结果显示,地表水的δ15N为7.0‰～16.7‰,说明上游NO₃--N主要来源于土壤有机氮的矿化,中下游则主要受到农业施用化肥与人类生活污水二者的共同影响;地下水的δ15N为14.3‰～27.1‰,说明调查区域内的地下水受人畜粪便和生活污水的影响可能更为强烈,另外,地下水中存在的反硝化作用也是造成地下水δ15N增高的原因.      

氯化磁性凹土树脂的制备与表征研究

利用表面负载的方法将有机化磁性凹土与苯乙烯、二乙烯苯等制备磁性凹土树脂;对磁性凹土树脂进行氯甲基化改性,制备出氯化磁性凹土树脂.表征了样品的形貌、结构以及表面积,研究了树脂对天然有机物(腐殖酸)的吸附性能.结果表明:氯化后的磁性凹土树脂的比表面积是原有的1.9倍,对附腐殖酸的饱和吸附能力也从原有的41.84 mg/g提高到了51.02 mg/g,这表明改性后的树脂增强了其对腐殖酸的去除能力.     

树脂固定床吸附含酚废水预测模型研究

针对应用于实际工业化的树脂固定床吸附研究较少,而与之相关的固定床吸附穿透曲线可以用来确定固定床吸附操作参数,为固定床的设计和实际操作提供指导。通过对恒定波振荡理论和吸附等温方程的联合,来预测固定床吸附穿透曲线;并研究了不同操作条件对大孔弱碱树脂吸附对硝基酚穿透曲线预测模型的影响。以期望为树脂固定床的设计和实际工业应用产生指导意义。     

锰尾矿、矿渣浸出毒性及Cd、Pb溶出特性研究

锰尾矿、矿渣是锰生产过程中形成的废弃物,里面的很多物质都会在自然条件下如雨水淋溶而溶出,进入到土壤和水体中造成环境污染。通过对锰尾矿、矿渣进行浸出毒性实验;以及结合到当地的自然条件,考查浸泡体系pH值、温度、液固比的变化条件,对尾矿、矿渣中Pb、Cd溶出含量的影响,明确了锰尾矿、矿渣属于一般的工业固体废物,以及Pb、Cd的溶出特性。     

浑河沈阳段污水排放口最优规划研究

针对沈阳市经济发展和污染加剧的特点,为合理充分利用浑河水环境容量,节约投资,建立了浑河沈阳段主要排污口最优化模型,并应用分段线性化对该模型进行了线性化,进而确定排污口最优化线性模型,最后通过M atlab软件求解出各排放口的污水允许排放浓度及最低的处理费用。     

Stand-alone wind power system with battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage

This paper presents a stand-alone wind power system with battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage. A stand-alone wind power system mainly consists of a wind turbine, a permanent magnet synchronous generator, hybrid energy storage devices based on a vanadium redox flow battery and a supercapacitor, an AC/DC converter, two bidirectional DC/DC converters, a DC/AC converter and a variable load. Several control strategies for the stand-alone wind power system are involved such as a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control, a vanadium redox flow battery charge/discharge control and a supercapacitor charge/discharge control. The proposed MPPT control combines a sliding mode control with an extreme search control to capture maximum wind energy. This strategy avoids the necessity of measuring wind velocity, obtaining models or parameters of the wind turbine and calculating the differentials of the power generated from the wind power system and from the speed of the generator. The battery charge/discharge control maintains a constant DC bus voltage. When the battery charging/discharging current reaches the setting threshold, the charge/discharge control of the supercapacitor is triggered to limit the charging/discharging current of the battery. The simulation results show that the proposed method can rapidly respond to variations in wind velocity and load power.     

基于有机物指纹图谱技术的长江南京段水中有机磷溯源研究

长江水环境污染物识别和溯源分析是保护长江水生态环境的前提。于2021年11月26—27日对长江南京段有机磷进行溯源调查,采用有机物指纹图谱识别技术对9个干流监测点位和7个临近入河排口监测点位之间以有机磷为代表的有机污染物的耦合关联性进行研究,筛查重点潜在污染水域及可能来源。研究结果表明,应用指纹图谱技术共识别出25类有机污染物,其中干流XC-02点位有机磷等有机污染物输入明显,主要受临近陆域污水处理厂、制药企业、石化企业及表面加工企业等的工业废水排放影响;干流XC-07点位有机磷离子峰强度升高,受上游传输与陆域入河排口XA-07点位共同影响。研究为河流有机污染物溯源提出了指纹图谱解析方法思路并得以应用,为水环境有机污染物管控提供技术支撑和决策依据。     

小飞扬草(Euphorbia thymifolia L.)中镉的亚细胞分布及化学形态

采用差速离心法和逐步提取法,分析Cd超积累植物小飞扬草根、茎、叶中Cd的亚细胞分布和化学形态。培养液中Cd浓度5mg/L和10mg/L条件下,在小飞扬草根、茎、叶中,细胞壁和细胞膜是Cd主要的结合场所,含量分别占总量的47.1%～49.0%、39.7%～41.4%、42.9%～56.2%,其次是胞液组分,含量分别占37.5%～41.4%、28.2%～40.7%、35.2%～46.8%,细胞器组分中Cd含量较少。Cd在小飞扬草根、茎、叶中均以氯化钠提取态为主,含量分别占70.5%～84.8%、72.4%～83.0%、50.0%～74.8%。根部各提取态含量依次为CNaCl>CHAC>CEtOH>CHCl>CW>CR,茎、叶中各提取态含量依次为CNaCl>CHCl>CHAC>CEtOH>CW>CR。在小飞扬草中,Cd与细胞壁和细胞膜中的果胶酸和蛋白质等物质结合固定,而进入细胞的Cd大部分与有机酸络合而隔离于液泡内,这可能是小飞扬草忍耐并超积累Cd的机制。     

兰州市大气飘尘中致突变物变化规律的研究

本研究对兰州市不同污染区(石油化工为主、燃煤、商业及农村)在不同季节时的大气飘尘,作了对比采样.飘尘样品用溶剂抽提法提取后,用化学萃取法分离为五个有机物馏分.用毛细色谱-质谱-计算机联用系统进行了定性分析,并用毛细管色谱法进行了部分定量分析.用Ames试验(用TA1537、TA98和TA100三株菌.加与不加S-1)对其致突变活性进行了研究.并对有机致突变物在不同污染区、不同季节的变化规律及其来源进行了初步探讨.