Isolation of marine benzo[a]pyrene-degrading Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 and proteins characterization

A bacterial strain BAP5 with a relatively high degradation ability of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was isolated from marine sediments of Xiamen Western Sea, China and identified as Ochrobactrum sp. according to 16S rRNA gene sequence as well as Biolog microbial identification system. Strain BAP5 could grow in mineral salt medium with 50 mg/L of BaP and degrade about 20% BaP after 30 d of incubation. Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was able to utilize other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (such as phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene) as the sole carbon source and energy source, suggesting its potential application in PAHs bioremediation. The profile of total soluble protein from Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was also investigated. Some over- and special-expressed proteins of strain BAP5 when incubated with the presence of BaP were detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and found to be related with PAHs metabolism, DNA translation, and energy production based on peptide fingerprint analysis through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.     

Evaluation of mercury speciation and removal through air pollution control devices of a 190 MW boiler

Air pollution control devices (APCDs) are installed at coal-fired power plants for air pollutant regulation. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems have the co-benefits of air pollutant and mercury removal. Configuration and operational conditions of APCDs and mercury speciation a ect mercury removal e ciently at coal-fired utilities. The Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to determine mercury speciation simultaneously at five sampling locations through SCR-ESP-FGD at a 190 MW unit. Chlorine in coal had been suggested as a factor a ecting the mercury speciation in flue gas; and low-chlorine coal was purported to produce less oxidized mercury (Hg2+) and more elemental mercury (Hg0) at the SCR inlet compared to higher chlorine coal. SCR could oxidize elemental mercury into oxidized mercury when SCR was in service, and oxidation e ciency reached 71.0%. Therefore, oxidized mercury removal e ciency was enhanced through a wet FGD system. In the non-ozone season, about 89.5%–96.8% of oxidized mercury was controlled, but only 54.9%–68.8% of the total mercury was captured through wet FGD. Oxidized mercury removal e ciency was 95.9%–98.0%, and there was a big di erence in the total mercury removal e ciencies from 78.0% to 90.2% in the ozone season. Mercury mass balance was evaluated to validate reliability of OHM testing data, and the ratio of mercury input in the coal to mercury output at the stack was from 0.84 to 1.08.     

Enhanced and irreversible sorption of pesticide pyrimethanil by soil amended with biochars

Biochar derived from partial combustion of vegetation is ubiquitous and potentially effective in sequestration of environmental contaminants.Biochars were prepared by burning of red gum(Eucalyptus spp.) woodchips at 450 and 850°C(labeled as BC450 and BC850).These two biochars were found to possess markedly different properties in terms of surface area and porosity.Short-term equilibration tests(24 hr) were conducted to assess the sorption-desorption behavior of pyrimethanil in the soil amended with various amounts of biochar of each type,with a special focus on the desorption behavior of the sorbed pesticide through four times successive desorption by dilution.Sorption coefficient and isotherm nonlinearity of the amended soils progressively increased with the content of biochar in the soil.Biochar BC850 with higher surface area and microporosity showed a stronger effect on the reversibility of sorption pesticide.The soils amended with 5% BC450 and 1% BC850 had nearly the same sorption capacity for pyrimethanil;however,their desorption processes were very different with 13.65% and 1.49% of the sorbed pesticide being released,respectively.This study suggested that biochar in soil could be an important factor for immobilization of a pesticide and thus affecting its environment fate in soil.     

温度对好氧颗粒污泥吸附铅离子的影响

由活性污泥培养得到好氧颗粒污泥,研究了温度对好氧颗粒污泥吸附Pb²⁺的影响.结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥主要含有C、H、N、O、P等元素,其经验结构式为C_5.7H_10.9O3.9NS_0.04.好氧颗粒污泥表面主要由球状细菌组成,具有明显的孔隙结构.在20～40℃时,Pb²⁺在好氧颗粒污泥上的吸附过程可以由Langmuir和Freundlich等温方程进行拟合（R²>0.914）.Pb2+最大吸附量Qmax由80.65 mg·g-1（20℃）增至97.09　mg·g-1（40℃）.吸附过程的表观自由能变ΔG<0、 ΔH>0、 ΔS>0,表明Pb2+在好氧颗粒污泥表面的吸附为吸热、熵增的自发过程.红外扫描分析(FTIR)结果表明,吸附过程Pb2+主要与—OH、蛋白质中的—COOH以及PO发生作用,与含氮官能团无关.     

活塞式压缩机的降噪治理

对天然气活塞式压缩机产生噪声的原因进行了分析,依据噪声产生机理,提出了相应的治理措施和对策,经过治理,达到了GB12348-90《工业企业厂界噪声标准》Ⅱ级标准,减少了噪声危害;保证了设备的正常操作及维护。     

Two-step fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass for bio-oil production using microwave absorbent and HZSM-5 catalyst

A novel technology of two-step fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis(f MAP) of corn stover for bio-oil production was investigated in the presence of microwave absorbent(Si C) and HZSM-5catalyst. Effects of f MAP temperature and catalyst-to-biomass ratio on bio-oil yield and chemical components were examined. The results showed that this technology, employing microwave, microwave absorbent and HZSM-5 catalyst, was effective and promising for biomass fast pyrolysis. The f MAP temperature of 500°C was considered the optimum condition for maximum yield and best quality of bio-oil. Besides, the bio-oil yield decreased linearly and the chemical components in bio-oil were improved sequentially with the increase of catalyst-to-biomass ratio from 1:100 to 1:20. The elemental compositions of bio-char were also determined. Additionally, compared to one-step f MAP process, two-step f MAP could promote the bio-oil quality with a smaller catalyst-to-biomass ratio.     

柴油/碳酸二甲酯燃烧颗粒的微观结构和分形特征

为降低柴油机颗粒物排放,探讨了柴油机燃用柴油/碳酸二甲酯混合燃料燃烧颗粒微观结构和分形特征的变化规律. 采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和SAXS(同步辐射小角X射线散射)相结合的方法,针对DMC(碳酸二甲酯)添加量(以w计)对柴油机燃烧颗粒微观结构和分形特征参数的影响规律进行了研究. 结果表明:与柴油燃烧颗粒相比,D10〔w(DMC)为10%〕、D20〔w(DMC)为10%〕燃烧颗粒的碳粒子平均层面间距分别增加了5.3%、15.1%,弯曲度平均值分别增加了4.0%和10.3%,表明燃烧颗粒的氧化活性增加;与柴油相比,D10、D20燃烧颗粒的质量分形维数分别增加了0.44和0.52,下限均升高了0.2,SAXS与电镜图像对燃烧颗粒的质量分形维数的分析结果相一致,即质量分形维数随DMC添加量的增加而升高,表明燃烧颗粒的团聚程度提高;与柴油燃烧颗粒相比,D10、D20燃烧颗粒表面分形维数的下限分别升高了0.1和0.2,表明其燃烧颗粒表面的粗糙程度和不规则程度提高;与柴油燃烧颗粒相比,D10、D20燃烧颗粒的活化能分别降低了3.9和7.9 kJ/mol,表明燃烧颗粒的氧化活性随着DMC添加量的增加而增强,验证了燃烧颗粒微观尺寸结构和分形特征的研究结果. 研究显示,柴油中添加DMC能够提高燃烧颗粒的氧化活性,燃烧颗粒的氧化活性越强,其在后处理过程中就越易被氧化,有助于降低柴油机的颗粒物排放.      

柴油机EGR氛围颗粒的空间结构与表面形态分析

为揭示EGR(废气再循环)对柴油机颗粒表面形态以及空间结构的影响,针对不同EGR率下产生的柴油机颗粒,采用颗粒粒径分析仪以及X射线小角散射等分析手段,研究了EGR对柴油机排气颗粒粒径、数浓度和质量浓度的影响,分析了颗粒团聚程度、团粒间隙尺寸以及表面形态等参数随EGR率的变化规律.结果表明:随着EGR率从10%增至30%,颗粒数浓度峰值粒径向大粒径方向偏移,粒径在10～50 nm的核模态颗粒数浓度分别降低了14.7%和29.4%;粒径在50～500 nm的积聚态颗粒数浓度分别增加了17.1%和139.4%;总颗粒数浓度也有较大幅度增加,分别增加了4.5%和72.1%.采用EGR后,颗粒的质量分形维数和表面分形维数分别增加了12.1%和18.2%,表明EGR会使颗粒的质量分布不均匀,表面粗糙程度增加.随着EGR率的增加,颗粒的团粒间隙分布有明显差异,EGR率为0时的团粒间隙尺寸主要分布在8～11 nm,EGR率为30%时的团粒间隙尺寸主要分布在4～6 nm,表明EGR可在总体上降低团粒间隙尺寸和数浓度,增加了颗粒的团聚程度和空间结构的紧密程度.研究结果对于拓宽EGR的工况使用范围、提高DPF等后处理装置的工作效率、进一步降低柴油机的NO_x和颗粒排放具有重要意义.      

EGSB+生物接触氧化工艺处理啤酒废水

本文采用EGSB+接触氧化工艺处理黑龙江华润啤酒有限公司啤酒废水,经过4个月的调试达到满负荷运行,其系统稳定可靠,出水水质远优于<啤酒工业污染物排放标准>(GB19821-2005)的排放标准,COD、BOD5、SS、NH3-N和TP的去除率分别达到98.1%、98.5%、95.4%、82% 和 86.7%.该工艺是处...     

论地方水污染防治立法的创新——以北京市为例

2008年国家颁布了新的《水污染防治法》,但是国家的法律往往是对全国主要水污染问题的总体规定,地方的具体问题还需相应的地方法规予以保障。针对北京市水污染防治的主要问题,《北京市水污染防治条例》在完善管理体制、明确政府部门职责、保障生态环境用水等方面细化了国家法律的相关条款,在污泥处理处置、污水资源化等方面填补了法律空白,体现了地方立法的创新,对其他地方政府的立法工作具有一定借鉴作用。