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501.
Ping Zhong Zhifeng Yang Baoshan Cui Jingling Liu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2008,2(1):73-80
In recent years, the hydrological characters of Baiyangdian Wetland have changed greatly, which, in turn, influence the biotic component, the structure and function of the wetland ecosystem. In order to determine the demands for water resources of ecological wetland system, a method of ecological water level coefficient was suggested to calculate the water resources demands for wetland environment use. This research showed that the minimum coefficient is 0.94 and the optimal coefficient is more than 1.10. According to these two coefficients, the ecological water level and water quantity can be estimated. The results indicate that the amount of the minimal and optimal eco-environmental water requirements are 0.87 × 108 and 2.78 × 108 m3 in average monthly, respectively, with the maximum eco-environmental water requirement in summer and the minimum in winter. The annual change of eco-environment water demand is in according with the climate change and hydrological characters. The method of ecological water level emphasizes that wetland ecosystem adapts to the hydrological conditions, so it can be used in practice well. 相似文献
502.
铝对体外培养鸡脾淋巴细胞的免疫毒性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以鸡脾脏淋巴细胞为试验对象,通过短期体外培养的方法研究了铝暴露对鸡免疫细胞的毒性作用.将不同浓度的AlCl3添加到培养液中(终浓度分别为0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8mg·mL-1),对鸡脾淋巴细胞原代培养24h,检测培养液上清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,淋巴细胞增殖、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量.结果表明,与对照组相比,各暴露组培养液上清中LDH活性均显著升高(p<0.05,p<0.01),且随铝暴露浓度的增加,LDH活性逐渐升高,呈明显的剂量-反应关系,表明铝暴露能够破坏鸡脾淋巴细胞膜,导致细胞活性下降;与对照组相比,各暴露组淋巴细胞增殖能力、培养液上清中IL-2和TNF-α含量均显著降低(p<0.05,p<0.01),且随铝暴露浓度的增加,3者均逐渐降低,呈明显的剂量-反应关系,表明铝对体外培养鸡脾淋巴细胞具有一定的免疫毒性作用。 相似文献
503.
甘肃省城镇不同收入水平群体家庭生态足迹计算 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12
生态足迹是测度环境可持续发展的新方法。家庭生态足迹H(ousehold EcologicalFootprint,H EF)是利用生态足迹方法研究家庭消费所产生的环境影响。通过计算不同收入水平群体的家庭生态足迹,比较不同收入水平群体H EF差异,可以进一步揭示各收入水平群体间存在的“生态足迹掠夺”和生态足迹占用公平性。在阐述家庭生态足迹内涵意义及计算方法的基础上,以甘肃省2002年城镇不同收入水平群体为例进行实证研究。通过计算得到甘肃省2002年不同收入群体的家庭生态足迹分别为:最高收入群1.412×106ghm2,高收入群1.131×106ghm2,较高收入群1.860×106ghm2,中等收入1.793×106ghm2,较低收入群1.536×106ghm2,低收入群0.724×106ghm2,最低收入群0.578×106ghm2,全省平均1.265×106ghm2;分析经济收入与家庭生态足迹的关系表明,每增加1000元人均可支配收入,将增大0.2ghm2家庭生态足迹;引入生态足迹掠夺及总生态足迹掠夺,并进一步计算生态足迹不公平系数为0.24,表明收入不同引起的足迹消费的不公平不突出。 相似文献
504.
505.
本研究进行了垃圾焚烧飞灰的高温熔融及其熔渣的浸取性能实验。熔融实验在马弗炉中进行 ,浸取实验使用了蒸馏水、pH值为 4 5的醋酸溶液和pH值为 3的硫酸溶液 3种浸印剂。实验结果如下 :重金属Cd、Cr、Zn、Fe随熔融时间的增加 ,溶出量明显减小。延长熔融时间可减少这一类重金属的二次污染。重金属Hg由于其极易挥发 ,熔融时间对其溶出量几乎没有影响。Zn、Cd等重金属随熔融温度的升高 ,溶出量明显减小 ,升高熔融温度可减少这一类重金属的二次污染。重金属Cr的溶出量随溶剂pH值的升高而增加 ,而Cd、Pb、Zn在醋酸溶液中的溶出量最大 ,硫酸次之 ,水中最小。这是因为这些重金属和醋酸发生了络合反应 ,因而溶出量增大。 相似文献
506.
507.
Yuxin Shi Tengfei Pan Di Mu Hongqin Wu Qingqiang Meng Shuting Qi 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2014,12(3):401-405
Phosphorus (P) is both a nutrient and a pollutant. For instance, excess P induces water eutrophication followed by death of fishes and other water life. Determination of organic P content in sediments is therefore important to study P cycling and environmental pollution. The most widely used method to determine organic P in sediments is NaOH–EDTA extraction followed by 31P-NMR detection. However, some organic P compounds are difficult to extract using NaOH–EDTA due to the low solubility, thus can not be detected by 31P NMR. Here, we used foam separation to determine organic P in sediment of North Canal of Tianjin City, China. Organic P was first enriched using foam separation coupled with NaOH extraction. The enriched organic P was then analyzed with 31P NMR. The results showed that, compared with the traditional extraction method, foam separation coupled with NaOH extraction enriched more P compound because 31P NMR detected an extra signal of teichoic acid at chemical shift 1.14. This teichoic acid signal was not detected in the extract prepared using only NaOH–EDTA. Our finding demonstrates that determination using foam separation followed by 31P NMR is feasible. 相似文献
508.
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash is rich in heavy metals and salts. The disposal of MSWI ash without proper treatment may cause serious environmental problems. Recently, the local cement industry in Taiwan has played an important role in the management of solid wastes because it can utilize various kinds of wastes as either fuels or raw materials. The objective of this study is to assess the possibility of MSWI ash reuse as a raw material for cement production. The ash was first washed with water and acid to remove the chlorides, which could cause serious corrosion in the cement kiln. Various amounts of pre-washed ash were added to replace the clay component of the raw materials for cement production. The allowable limits of chloride in the fly ash and bottom ash were found to be 1.75% and 3.50% respectively. The results indicate that cement production can be a feasible alternative for MSWI ash management. It is also evident that the addition of either fly ash or bottom ash did not have any effect on the compressive strength of the clinker. Cement products conformed to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) of Type II Portland cement with one exception, the setting time of the clinker was much longer. 相似文献
509.
During the past decades, the traditional state monopoly in urban water management has been debated heavily, resulting in different
forms and degrees of private sector involvement across the globe. Since the 1990s, China has also started experiments with
new modes of urban water service management and governance in which the private sector is involved. It is premature to conclude
whether the various forms of private sector involvement will successfully overcome the major problems (capital shortage, inefficient
operation, and service quality) in China’s water sector. But at the same time, private sector involvement in water provisioning
and waste water treatments seems to have become mainstream in transitional China. 相似文献
510.
计算机模拟研究UO2+2在人体细胞液的形态分布 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立了由多种金属离子和小分子配体组成的多相细胞液热力学平衡模型.模拟研究了UO2 2在组织液和细胞液的形态分布及CO2-3、氨三乙酸(NTA)和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)浓度对细胞液中UO2 2形态分布的影响.在组织液中,正常生理pH下,当各形态UO2 2总摩尔浓度 [U]= 1.0×10-6 mol/L 或[U]=1.0×10-3 mol/L时,UO2 2均主要以[UO2(CO3)3]4-和[UO2(CO3)2]2-形态存在.在细胞液中,当[U]=1.0×10-6 mol/L时,UO2 2主要以[UO2(CO3)3]4-和[UO2(CO3)2]2-存在;当[U]=1.0×10-3 mol/L,pH为6.0~6.8时,细胞液中存在大量的固相(UO2)3(PO4)2·4H2O,当pH为6.8~7.4时,UO2 2主要以[UO2(CO3)3]4-、[UO2(CO3)2]2-和[(UO2)2CO3(OH)3]-存在.细胞液中(UO2)3(PO4)2·4H2O含量随[U]升高而增加.通过调节细胞液pH和增加细胞液CO2-3浓度均能降低其固相UO2 2配合物含量.在细胞液中增加NTA会增加(UO2)3(PO4)2·4H2O含量,当添加EDTA时会显著降低(UO2)3(PO4)2·4H2O含量. 相似文献