水库岸坡变形体灾害的信息评价和预测

较真实地评价水库岸坡的稳定性是工程界普遍关注的问题,本文将工程地质逻辑定性分析和信息法定量分析方法结合起来,对丹江口水库库岸岸坡变形体灾害的信息进行评价和预测,分析结果可供工程设计人员参考。     

Copula-Based Bivariate Return Period Analysis and Its Implication to Hydrological Design Event

In univariate frequency analysis, the return period of an event has a one-to-one correspondence with its characteristic value, and the response of the hydraulic structure to hydrological load expressed by the hydrological event is monotonic. Thus, the design criteria of the hydraulic structure can be equivalently represented by the return period of the hydrological event, and consequently, design event-based design parameters evaluated have been widely used in practical engineering. However, the monotonic correspondence between the return period of the hydrological event and the response of the hydraulic structure does not exist in the multivariate context, and hydrological load with a larger joint return period does not always produce a more unsafe response. Misunderstandings of concepts of return periods of hydrological event, and estimation of hydrological design events usually take place in multivariate frequency analysis. This study theoretically derives the relations between different types of joint return periods, joint return period and its marginal return periods, the occurrence of bivariate extreme events and their return periods, and then the theoretical framework is tested. Results from the case contribute to the understanding of bivariate return periods of hydrological event, and the results demonstrate that design criteria cannot be equivalently represented by joint return periods of hydrological load, and design parameters of the hydraulic structure should not be determined by multivariate hydrological design events.     

农业用地土壤污染防治立法的初探

本文论述了农用地土壤污染防治立法的必要性，立法所具备的条件和应解决的几个基本问题。     

企业物流与安全

按照物流的作用范围 ,可分为社会物流和企业物流。随着物流活动在我国各生产领域不断地推进 ,企业物流合理化、科学化对提高企业的竞争力及促进企业的发展具有重要意义。笔者论述了企业物流与安全生产之间的关系 ,强调企业物流系统在进行设计和改善的同时必须进行安全设计 ,提出了企业物流系统中装卸搬运和仓储两个重要环节的安全技术 ,同时 ,又指出从事安全管理的人员 ,可以通过改善企业物流系统来改善企业安全现状。     

硫化氢的危害与防治

对硫化氢在油气田中的存在状况和危害性的研究结果表明,其主要危害是引起人员中毒以及氢脆作用造成的油田设备腐蚀。详细介绍了防治硫化氢的方法和措施,包括沉淀法、物理吸收法、钾碱法和氨水法、氧化法、金属氧化物吸收法、高压静电法等。对各种方法的防治机理及其应用状况进行了论述。     

Methane emissions of rice increased by elevated carbon dioxide and temperature

Methane (CH4) effluxes by paddy-culture rice (Oryza sativa L.) contribute about 16% of the total anthropogenic emissions. Since radiative forcing of CH4 at current atmospheric concentrations is 21 times greater on a per mole basis than that of carbon dioxide (CO2), it is imperative that the impact of global change on rice CH4 emissions be evaluated. Rice (cv. IR72) was planted in sunlit, closed-circulation, controlled-environment chambers in which CH4 efflux densities were measured daily. The CO2 concentration was maintained at either 330 or 660 micromol mol(-1). Air temperatures were controlled to daily maxima and minima of 32/23, 35/26, and 38/29 degrees C at each CO2 treatment. Emissions of CH4 each day were determined during a 4-h period after venting and resealing the chambers at 0800 h. Diurnal CH4 effluxes on 77, 98, and 119 d after planting (DAP) were obtained similarly at 4-h intervals. Emissions over four-plant hills and over flooded bare soil were measured at 53, 63, and 100 DAP. Emissions were negligible before 40 DAP. Thereafter, emissions were observed first in high-CO2, high-temperature treatments and reached a sustained maximum efflux density of about 7 mg m(-2) h(-1) (0.17 g m(-2) d(-1)) near the end of the growing season. Total seasonal CH4 emission was fourfold greater for high-CO2, high-temperature treatments than for the low-CO2, low-temperature treatment, probably due to more root sloughing or exudates, since about sixfold more acetate was found in the soil at 71 DAP. Both rising CO2 and increasing temperatures could lead to a positive feedback on global warming by increasing the emissions of CH4 from rice.     

川西平原比利时杜鹃商品化盆栽技术

本文结合川西平原的气候特点和多年栽培实践,阐述了比利时杜鹃的生物学特性及生志习性,提出了特别是元旦、春节等节日用花的商品化盆栽技术要求．     

巢湖14~#井水位微动态异常研究

应用微动态异常频次、Ｍ２波振幅比等方法,对巢湖１４＃井水位１９８７～１９９７年进行了全过程的分析研究。研究结果表明：在华东几次中强震前,该井水位的微动态异常频次在地震前３～４个月有明显增高的异常显示,而水位Ｍ２波振幅比在地震前也存在３～４个月的下降异常。由此可以认为该井有可能成为华东及东部沿海５级以上地震的灵敏井点之一,而且在地震的短期预测方面可能会提供有益的异常信息。     

区域自然灾害系统基本单元研究-Ⅱ:应用部分——湖南省综合农业灾情区域分异规律

本文应用灾害系统基本单元理论,以湖南省农业自然灾害为例,在地理信息系统支持下,将湖南省农业自然灾害系统划分为３２５２４个基本单元。进而,以民政部１９７８～１９９３年农业灾情统计数据为标准,通过多因子逐步回归的方法,建立了反映湖南省多年平均状况的五种主要农业灾害灾情模型。最后,以灾害基本单元为最小空间分异单位,对综合农业灾情分异规律进行了探讨,并首次提出了基于自然单元的湖南省综合农业灾情的分异规律首先是受地势控制的东西分异的主要结论。     

白炭黑生产中干燥系统的噪声控制

对ＲＨＯＮＥ－ＰＯＵＬＥＮＣ白炭黑公司的干燥系统进行了噪声综合治理。主要措施有：大型引风机隔声罩、引风机排气筒消声塔,加热炉和鼓风机隔声机房,雾化加速器活动隔声罩,管道隔声包扎等。治理后厂界噪声由７４ｄＢ（Ａ）降至４５ｄＢ（Ａ）。