餐饮垃圾主要成分的热解动力学研究

将餐饮垃圾的主要成分纤维素、淀粉以及脂肪分别在10 K/min的升温速率下进行TG-DTG分析,结果表明3种物质由于分子结构与物质组成的差别,其热解特性有着明显的不同;同时采用Achar(微分法)和Coats-Refern(积分法)相结合的方法对餐饮垃圾进行热解动力学分析,找出最佳的机理函数并求出每种组分的活化能Ea和指前因子lnA。     

废印制线路板真空热解产物分析

在自行设计的间歇式固定床真空热解装置中热解废印制线路板(PCB),对热解产物进行了分析.在热解温度为550 ℃、热解压力为20 kPa、恒温时间为60 min的条件下,得到的热解产物质量分数为:热解渣70%;热解油3%～4%;不可冷凝热解气26%～27%.经气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析,热解油经常压蒸馏后得到的低沸点液态油中含有29种化合物,主要有苯酚、对异丙基酚、3-乙基酚、4-甲酚及2-溴苯酚,还含有少量含溴化合物和含氯化合物.热解油经简单的蒸馏就可达到回收酚类化合物的目的.热解渣经风选可实现铜与黏附有碳黑的玻璃纤维的分离,其中铜质量分数约30%,黏附有碳黑的玻璃纤维质量分数约70%.     

三维体系结构的城市消防安全数字化系统研究

为提高城市消防安全水平,根据"功能维-中间维-系统维"模型框架,提出和设计了一个三维体系结构的城市消防安全数字化系统.在该三维体系结构中,功能维是标准化特征维,是整个体系结构的基础.为开发支持城市消防安全的标准化网络平台、建设实际应用系统确定了功能模型.将基础维各层功能封装成组件模块,每个模块由业务处理和通信处理两部分构成,前者用来处理本地业务逻辑,后者则是模块间的通信接口,采用XML/SOAP技术建立模块间的通信连接,并以客户/服务器方式完成模块间的信息交换.中间维是网络化特征维,为开发支持城市消防安全的标准化网络平台、建设实际应用系统确定了分布式模型.采用Web Services技术支持城市消防安全网络系统设计与开发,将不同的功能模块封装成标准Web服务部署到In-ternet上.系统维是针对具体应用需求利用标准化网络平台所构建的应用系统.由智能化火灾自动报警控制站、城市消防接警指挥中心两部分构成.研究表明,该系统使消防安全报警的可靠性和准确性得到技术上的支持,为城市火灾救援管理工作的信息化、网络化奠定了基础.     

鱼粉行业恶臭污染物产生与成分分析探讨

针对目前鱼粉行业废气污染严重、排放量大、成分复杂的特性和测定难度较大、监测准确度较低等实际情况,采用实际监测数据,利用傅立叶红外光谱分析仪,有针对性地对鱼粉生产过程中及采取治理措施后恶臭污染物的排放进行了现场连续监测,得到了全面的监测数据。     

Comparison of adsorption models in reservoir simulation of enhanced coalbed methane recovery and CO2 sequestration in coal

Coalbed methane is an important resource of energy. Meanwhile CO₂ sequestration in coal is a potential management option for greenhouse gas emissions. An attractive aspect to this process is that CO₂ is adsorbed to the coal, reducing the risk of CO₂ migration to the surface. Another aspect to this is that the injected CO₂ could displace adsorbed methane leading to enhanced coalbed methane recovery. Therefore, in order to understand gas migration within the reservoir, mixed-gas adsorption models are required. Moreover, coal reservoir permeability will be significantly affected by adsorption-induced coal swelling during CO₂ injection. Coal swelling is directly related to reservoir pressure and gas content which is calculated by adsorption models in reservoir simulation. Various models have been studied to describe the pure- and mixed-gas adsorption on coal. Nevertheless, only the Langmuir and Extended Langmuir models are usually applied in coal reservoir simulations. This paper presents simulation work using several approaches to representing gas adsorption, implemented into the coal seam gas reservoir simulator SIMED II. The adsorption models are the Extended Langmuir model (ELM), the Ideal Adsorbed Solution (IAS) model and the Two-Dimensional Equation of State (2D EOS). The simulations based on one Australian and one American coal sample demonstrated that (1) the Ideal Adsorbed Solution model, in conjunction with Langmuir model as single-component isotherm, shows similar simulation results as the ELM for both coals, with the IAS model representing the experimental adsorption data more accurately than the ELM for one coal and identically with the ELM for the other coal; (2) simulation results using the 2D EOS, however, are significantly different to the ELM or IAS model for both coal samples. The magnitude of the difference is also dependent on coal swelling and the well operating conditions, such as injection pressure.     

采用固体氧化物燃料电池反应器脱除H2S

采用固体氧化物燃料电池反应器脱除H2S,反应器以Co-Mo双元硫化物作电催化剂,Zr掺杂的BaCeO3（BCZY）为固体电解质。研究了燃料电池的燃料气流量、反应温度和电流密度等参数对H2S去除率的影响。结果表明：在反应温度为800℃、燃料气流量为30mL／min的条件下,H2S去除率达71％;在测量的电流密度区间内,H2S去除率与电流密度之间呈线性关系。电能回收实验结果表明,当采用掺杂5％（质量分数）BCZY的Co—Mo双元硫化物作为阳极时,单体燃料电池输出电压达0．68V,最大电功率密度为3．5mW／cm2。因此,燃料电池技术脱除H2S是一种废气资源化的有效手段。     

Cu2+-Mn2+-H2O2体系催化氧化降解罗丹明B

研究了Cu2＋-Mn2＋-H2O2体系催化氧化降解染料罗丹明B的效果。实验结果表明,Cu2＋-Mn2＋-H2O2体系的罗丹明B降解率比H2O2体系、Mn2＋-H2O2体系和Cu2＋-H2O2体系有显著提高,反应120rain后罗丹明B降解率接近100％。对于Cu2＋-Mn2＋-H2O2体系,最佳罗丹明B降解条件：溶液pH为5,反应温度为45℃,质量浓度为10mg／L的罗丹明B溶液体积100mL,浓度为0．01mol／L的硫酸铜溶液加入量5．0mL,浓度为0．01moVL的硫酸锰溶液加入量3．0mL,体积分数为30％的H2O2溶液加入量1．5mL。在此条件下罗丹明B降解的反应速率常数最大,为0．04228min-1,其拟合相关系数为0．99912。罗丹明B降解符合一级动力学模型。     

航空煤油精制工艺的产污对比及防治措施

对国内外常用的两种航空煤油（简称航煤） 精制工艺——加氢工艺和非加氢工艺进行了介绍,结合各自的工艺流程对“三废”排放情况进行了分析,并提出了相应的污染防治措施。分析结果表明：与加氢工艺相比,非加氢工艺相对简单,对反应的控制要求较低;两种工艺排放的废气和废水基本相同,包括酸性水、含油废水和酸性气等;非加氢工艺产生的废渣量远大于加氢工艺,除包括加氢工艺产生的废催化剂和废瓷球外,还包括废白土、废岩盐和废脱酸吸附剂等;航煤精制工艺的有组织排放污染物可通过酸性水汽提装置和硫磺回收装置进行处理,废渣由原生产厂家回收或按性质分类送往符合资质的相应渣场处理。     

Molecular and ultrastructural insights into the earthworm Eisenia fetida of the assessment of ecotoxicity during colistin exposure

Colistin is a peptide antibiotic widely used as a feed additive in animal farming, especially in poultry and swine production, for treatment and prevention of gram-negative bacterial infections, as well as for growth promotion use. When orally ingested, colistin is poorly absorbed and is eliminated almost unaltered by the enteric canal into the environment. Thus, risk of environmental toxicity cannot be ignored. In the present study, we examined the effects of colistin on Heath Shock Protein (HSP) 70, metallothionein (MT) gene expressions, and the ultrastructure of intestinal cells, following treatment of the soil indicator earthworm Eisenia fetida with 10, 20, and 100 mg/kg colistin for 7, 14, and 21 days. The results showed that, compared with the control, the expressions of HSP70 and MT genes changed significantly. Colistin caused up-regulations of HSP70’s expression while inhibited the expression of MT gene. In addition, most mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were damaged in the group treated with high concentration. The investigation of gene expressions of HSP70 and MT, as well as pathological alterations in the intestinal cells, may provide important information in terms of ecotoxicity of colistin and can be used as early warning system.     

Annual input fluxes and source identification of trace elements in atmospheric deposition in Shanxi Basin: the largest coal base in China

Industrialization and urbanization have led to a great deterioration of air quality and provoked some serious environmental concerns. One hundred and five samples of atmospheric deposition were analyzed for their concentrations of 13 trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Al, Co, Cr, Hg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Se, and Zn) in Shanxi Basin, which includes six isolate basins. The input fluxes of the trace elements in atmospheric deposition were observed and evaluated. Geostatistical analysis (EF, PCA, and CA ) were conducted to determine the spatial distribution, possible sources, and enrichment degrees of trace elements in atmospheric deposition. Fe/Al and K/Al also contribute to identify the sources of atmospheric deposition. The distribution of trace elements in atmospheric deposition was proved to be geographically restricted. The results show that As, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Se mainly come from coal combustion. Fe, Cu, Mn, Hg, and Co originate mainly from interactions between local polluted soils and blowing dust from other places, while the main source of Al, Cr, and Mo are the soil parent materials without pollution. This work provides baseline information to develop policies to control and reduce trace elements, especially toxic elements, from atmospheric deposition. Some exploratory analytical methods applied in this work are also worth considering in similar researches.