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921.
土壤原位覆盖对底泥的修复作用研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在高度厌氧底泥和富营养化水体构成的模拟生态系统中,采用土壤和硅藻土进行原位覆盖,研究了覆盖技术对水.沉积物界面微环境的改善作用和不同覆盖材料对苦草生长的影响。这2种底质覆盖后,表层底泥氧化还原电位(Eh)分别提高了48.37%和46.77%,底层水体的溶解氧消耗降低,水体中的总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)含量降低;与对照箱体的苦草死亡相比,经过土壤和硅藻土覆盖的箱体中苦草正常萌发、定植和生长;硅藻土箱体苦草的生物量、叶绿素和根茎比均高于土壤覆盖箱体。因此,原位覆盖能有效改善底层水体和表层底泥的氧化还原环境,隔绝污染底泥和延缓营养盐释放,为沉水植物种子萌发和幼苗生长提供有利的生境条件。 相似文献
922.
923.
煤质活性炭的制备及其在烟气脱硫中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以烟煤为原料,采用气体活化法制备活性炭,并将其用于烟气脱硫。制备活性炭的最佳工艺条件:碳化温度为600℃;碳化时间为1.0h;活化温度为900℃;活化时间为1.5h;水蒸气流量为406mL/min。活性炭的硫容随SO2、O2和水蒸气的体积分数的增加而增加;随反应器床层温度升高,活性炭的硫容先升高后下降。在床层温度为80℃,SO2、O2和水蒸气体积分数分别为0.5%、5.0%和12.0%,N2为载气的条件下,活性炭的硫容最大,为72.3mg/g。 相似文献
924.
925.
Haiganoush K. Preisler Shiyuan Zhong Annie Esperanza Timothy J. Brown Andrzej Bytnerowicz 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(3):778-787
Data from four continuous ozone and weather monitoring sites operated by the National Park Service in Sierra Nevada, California, are used to develop an ozone forecasting model and to estimate the contribution of wildland fires on ambient ozone levels. The analyses of weather and ozone data pointed to the transport of ozone precursors from the Central Valley as an important source of pollution in these National Parks. Comparisons of forecasted and observed values demonstrated that accurate forecasts of next-day hourly ozone levels may be achieved by using a time series model with historic averages, expected local weather and modeled PM values as explanatory variables. Results on fire smoke influence indicated occurrence of significant increases in average ozone levels with increasing fire activity. The overall effect on diurnal ozone values, however, was small when compared with the amount of variability attributed to sources other than fire. 相似文献
926.
Sun H Trabue SL Scoggin K Jackson WA Pan Y Zhao Y Malkina IL Koziel JA Mitloehner FM 《Journal of environmental quality》2008,37(2):615-622
There are approximately 2.5 million dairy cows in California. Emission inventories list dairy cows and their manure as the major source of regional air pollutants, but data on their actual emissions remain sparse, particularly for smog-forming volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs). We report measurements of alcohols, volatile fatty acids, phenols, and methane (CH4) emitted from nonlactating (dry) and lactating dairy cows and their manure under controlled conditions. The experiment was conducted in an environmental chamber that simulates commercial concrete-floored freestall cow housing conditions. The fluxes of methanol, ethanol, and CH4 were measured from cows and/or their fresh manure. The average estimated methanol and ethanol emissions were 0.33 and 0.51 g cow(-1) h(-1) from dry cows and manure and 0.7 and 1.27 g cow(-1) h(-1) from lactating cows and manure, respectively. Both alcohols increased over time, coinciding with increasing accumulation of manure on the chamber floor. Volatile fatty acids and phenols were emitted at concentrations close to their detection limit. Average estimated CH4 emissions were predominantly associated with enteric fermentation from cows rather than manure and were 12.35 and 18.23 g cow(-1) h(-1) for dry and lactating cows, respectively. Lactating cows produced considerably more gaseous VOCs and GHGs emissions than dry cows (P < 0.001). Dairy cows and fresh manure have the potential to emit considerable amounts of alcohols and CH4 and research is needed to determine effective mitigation. 相似文献
927.
Sun H Pan Y Zhao Y Jackson WA Nuckles LM Malkina IL Arteaga VE Mitloehner FM 《Journal of environmental quality》2008,37(2):608-614
Sodium bisulfate (SBS) is extensively used in the poultry industry to reduce ammonia and bacterial levels in litter. It is also used in the dairy industry to reduce bacterial counts in bedding and ammonia emissions, preventing environmental mastitis and calf respiratory stress. The present study measured the effect of SBS on the air emission of ammonia, amine, and alcohol from a dairy slurry mix. Amine flux was undetectable (<5 ng L(-1)) across treatments. Application of SBS decreased ammonia, methanol, and ethanol emissions from fresh dairy slurry. Ammonia emissions decreased with increasing levels of SBS treatment. The 3-d average ammonia flux from the control (no SBS applied) and the three different SBS surface application levels of 0.125, 0.250, and 0.375 kg m(-2) were 513.4, 407.2, 294.8, and 204.5 mg h(-1) m(-2), respectively. The ammonia emission reduction potentials were 0, 21, 43, and 60%, respectively. Methanol and ethanol emissions decreased with an increase in the amount of SBS applied. The 3-d average methanol emissions were 223.7, 178.0, 131.6, and 87.0 mg h(-1) m(-2) for SBS surface application level of 0, 0.125, 0.250, and 0.375 kg m(-2), with corresponding reduction potentials of 0, 20, 41, and 61, respectively. Similar emission reduction potentials of 0, 18, 35, and 58% were obtained for ethanol. Sodium bisulfate was shown to be effective in the mitigation of ammonia and alcohol emissions from fresh dairy slurry. 相似文献
928.
Thermochemical esterifying citric acid onto lignocellulose for enhancing methylene blue sorption capacity of rice straw 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, rice straw was esterified thermochemically with citric acid (CA) to produce potentially biodegradable cationic sorbent. The modified rice straw (MRS) and crude rice straw (CRS) were evaluated for their methylene blue (MB) removal capacity from aqueous solution. The effects of various experimental parameters (e.g., initial pH, sorbent dose, dye concentration, ion strength, and contact time) were examined. The ratio of MB sorbed on CRS increased as the initial pH was increased from pH 2 to 10. For MRS, the MB removal ratio came up to the maximum value beyond pH 3. The 1.5g/l or up of MRS could almost completely remove the dye from 250mg/l of MB solution. The ratio of MB sorbed kept above 98% over a range from 50 to 450mg/l of MB concentration when 2.0g/l of MRS was used. Increase in ion strength of solution induced decline of MB sorption. The isothermal data fitted the Langmuir model. The sorption processes followed the pseudo-first-order rate kinetics. The intraparticle diffusion rate constant (k(id)) was greatly increased due to modification. 相似文献
929.
烟气脱硫是目前国际上广泛采用的控制二氧化硫的成熟技术,其中半干法烟气脱硫工艺在电厂烟气脱硫装置中占到20%~30%。该工艺的核心是将燃煤烟气绝热增湿,以促进氢氧化钙与二氧化硫反应而进行的。其衡量指标之一为烟气相对湿度,烟气湿度大,烟气脱硫效果好,但不利于烟气排放。为此,本文分析了相对湿度的概念、对脱硫的影响,同时分析了相对湿度对烟气监测的影响,并提出了相应的解决办法。 相似文献
930.