生物法去除西洋参中有机氯农药

从西洋参种植土壤中分离到一株高效有机氯农药降解细菌,将该菌制成固体菌剂,应用于田间试验,实验结果表明,对3a生西洋参的1a生长期内BHC总量的降解率达36.27%～49.90%,DDT总量的降解率达25.19%～35.61%。     

奇异的死亡谷

2005年暑假,我们一家三人游览了美国西部的死亡谷。死亡谷位于加利福尼亚、内华达和犹他三州交界的大沙漠中,呈椭圆形,高山环伺,南北长约300公里,东西宽约20公里,是一个巨大的地理博物馆,各     

炉内喷钙脱硫技术及其主要影响因素简述

本文介绍国外炉内喷钙脱硫技术的最新发展,综述影响脱硫效率的各种因素.简介芬兰Tampella有限公司开发的LIFAC技术和国外有关利用吸收剂再循环等方式提高脱硫率和钙利用率的研究结果,展望了炉内喷钙脱硫技术的发展前景.     

苯二甲酸酯的微生物降解与转化

综述国内外有关苯二甲酸酯化合物对环境的污染以及微生物对该类物质的降解与转化,指出：①ＰＡＥｓ已在全球范围的大气、水体、土壤中达到了普遍检出的程度;②微生物能够降解利用ＰＡＥｓ;③ＰＡＥｓ的微生物降解反应速率符合一级反应动力学方法方程;④混合微生物的联合代谢作用较纯培养降解ＰＡＥｓ效果好;⑤ＰＡＥｓ在微生物酶的作用下,先水解生成单酯与苯二甲酸,然后在好气条件下进行代谢与转化,最终可生成ＣＯ２和水。     

表面活性剂强化超滤法处理亚甲基蓝废水

采用无机陶瓷超滤膜和低浓度阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)处理亚甲基蓝(MB)模拟废水,考察了废水中SDBS、MB浓度及废水pH对超滤过程的影响.实验结果表明:SDBS浓度影响MB在最大吸收波长处的吸光度值;当废水中SDBS浓度为1.20 mmol/L(即25℃时的临界胶束浓度)、废水中MB浓度为1.00 mmol/L、废水pH为9.0时,超滤效果最好;在此条件下,透过液中SDBS浓度和MB浓度分别为0.06 mmoL/L和0.01 mmol/L,MB的截留率为99.2%,膜通量为309.6 L/(m~2·h).SDBS对MB超滤过程的强化机理主要为MB与SDBS形成结合体析出及SDBS胶束的增溶作用.     

汞胁迫对小麦幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过营养液培养实验,研究了小麦幼苗在遭受汞胁迫后,地上部及根系抗氧化酶活性的变化．试验表明:小麦幼苗受到汞胁迫后,地上部及根系的超氧化物歧化酶(ＳＯＤ)的活性均显著增加,过氧化氢酶(ＣＡＴ) 的活性也比对照有所增强,但不如ＳＯＤ酶变化迅速,表明ＳＯＤ酶活性是小麦幼苗遭受汞胁迫时比较敏感的生物标记物．但是,小麦幼苗地上部及根系的丙二醛(ＭＤＡ) 含量仍均比对照显著升高,表明小麦幼苗的膜系统受到了一定程度的破坏．试验同时还反映出,汞胁迫对小麦幼苗根系的影响强于对地上部的影响．     

高浓度油田压裂废水降低CODCr的预处理方法

针对高浓度油田压裂废水黏度高、浊度大、含油量高等特点,强化预处理工艺,降低CODCr值。文章通过实验证明了强氧化剂(Fenton试剂)与混凝剂PAC+PAM相结合的工艺可有效降低高浓度含油废水CODCr值,进而通过Fenton试剂与混凝剂的投药量、pH值等因素对高浓度油田压裂废水的影响进行分析,得出采用该化学预处理方法出水水质清澈,可直接进入生化处理系统进行后续处理。     

利用工业废铁泥制备α-FeOOH

以工业废铁泥为原料,经酸浸、还原、空气氧化、过滤等步骤制备α-FeOOH。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、孔隙比表面分析仪对产品进行了分析表征。实验结果表明,在以十二烷基苯磺酸钠为表面活性剂、n(N aOH)∶n(FeSO4)为5.0的条件下,处理1kg废铁泥可得到α-FeOOH824.4g。     

Accumulation levels and characteristics of some pesticides in human adipose tissue samples from Southeast China

This paper presents a comprehensive study of pesticide levels and bio-accumulation characteristics in human adipose tissues among residents of Southeast China. A large number of adipose samples (n = 633) were selected for 58 pesticides and were analyzed by high sensitive Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The results showed that POPs pesticides were frequently detected, including 2,4′-DDD, 2,4′-DDE, 2,4′-DDT, 4,4′-DDD, 4,4′-DDE, 4,4′-DDT, α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and mirex. Other detected pesticide species were dicofol, methamidophos and chlordimeform, which have rarely been reported. Comparing to different countries, the concentrations of total DDT and HCH in these three Chinese southeastern sites were in the middle range, whereas the HCB and mirex were in the lower end. A significant correlation was observed between region as well as age and POPs pesticide levels. Some pesticide residue levels were also found significantly correlated to occupation. However, there was no significant correlation between gender and pesticides. Meanwhile, it is interesting to find that mortality of malignant tumors tends to associate with the pesticides levels in human adipose tissue. More importantly, the measured data presented in this study provide realistic information which is useful for assessing human exposure to pesticides in the general population of Southeast China.