Using a neural network approach and time series data from an international monitoring station in the Yellow Sea for modeling marine ecosystems

The international marine ecological safety monitoring demonstration station in the Yellow Sea was developed as a collaborative project between China and Russia. It is a nonprofit technical workstation designed as a facility for marine scientific research for public welfare. By undertaking long-term monitoring of the marine environment and automatic data collection, this station will provide valuable information for marine ecological protection and disaster prevention and reduction. The results of some initial research by scientists at the research station into predictive modeling of marine ecological environments and early warning are described in this paper. Marine ecological processes are influenced by many factors including hydrological and meteorological conditions, biological factors, and human activities. Consequently, it is very difficult to incorporate all these influences and their interactions in a deterministic or analysis model. A prediction model integrating a time series prediction approach with neural network nonlinear modeling is proposed for marine ecological parameters. The model explores the natural fluctuations in marine ecological parameters by learning from the latest observed data automatically, and then predicting future values of the parameter. The model is updated in a “rolling” fashion with new observed data from the monitoring station. Prediction experiments results showed that the neural network prediction model based on time series data is effective for marine ecological prediction and can be used for the development of early warning systems.     

Vegetation dynamics during different abandoned year spans in the land of the Loess Plateau of China

In this semi-arid area, many studies focused on the two-phase vegetation pattern were carried out to explore a changing vegetation trajectory on degraded land. However, this study conducted an analysis of a two-phase vegetation pattern and explored the successional vegetation trajectories in a positive succession without disturbance. In this work, 60 randomly distributed plots (1?×?1 m) were invested on four abandoned land areas (4-, 12-, 22-, and 50-year abandoned land) to determine attributes of vegetation, and soil physical and nutritional properties. It was found that vegetation distribution development went from homogeneous on 4-year abandoned land to heterogeneous on 50-year abandoned land, with a positive succession. Meanwhile, there was a significant difference in soil physical and nutritional properties for the inside and outside of vegetation patches. Vegetation patches can supply better soil physical and nutritional properties for vegetation than bare patches along the abandoned time. Vegetation diversity changes without a regular trend which may be due to the effect of environment and interspecies competition. This work picked up the slack for vegetation patterns succession research and provided a quantitative analysis approach.     

城市低矮街道峡谷汽车排放NOx扩散模式的初探

通过对武汉市珞狮路路段的车流量、NOx 浓度和气象要素的调查与监测 ,分析了珞狮路交通流量的特征 ,给出了源强的计算公式 ,并重点讨论了街道两侧环境中 NOx 浓度与各种影响因素之间的关系 ,发现城市低矮峡谷中 NOx 扩散不同于以往的研究结果 ,有其自己的特殊性。最后提出了扩散模式参数的处理方法 ,为建立城市低矮街道峡谷排放 NOx 扩散模式提供了基础     

从生态经济学观点论开发皖中农业自然资源的某些战略性问题

生态学是研究自然界水、土、光、气、热等无生命物质之间,动物、植物、微生物等生物之间以及非生物与生物之间的相互联系、相互依赖、相互制约的一门科学。它是生态经济学的基础。单有生态学观点还不能直接为国民经济服务,还必须与经济学相结合。要研究生态规律与经济规律的关系、生态效益与经济效益的关系。生态效益和经济效益的实现,还必须有相应的经济政策的保证,才能达到研究生态经济学的目的。作者近年来在工作中不断学习,不断体会,希望促进这门综合性学科形成一门独立的学科。     

Fabrication of asymmetric poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) nanofiltration membrane for chromium(VI) removal

The feasibility of employing nanofiltration for the removal of chromium(VI) from wastewater was investigated. Poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) was used to fabricate asymmetric nanofiltration membrane through the phase-inversion technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the obtained membrane, and the both confirmed a much smoother surface which could reduce membrane fouling. The PMIA membrane showed di erent rejections to electrolytes in a sequence of Na2SO4 > MgSO4 > NaCl > MgCl2, which was similar to the sequence of the negatively charged nanofiltration membranes. Separation experiments on chromium(VI) solution were conducted at various operating conditions, such as feed concentration, applied pressure and pH. It is concluded that chromium(VI) could be e ectively removed from chromiumcontaining wastewater by the PMIA nanofiltration membranes while maintaining their pollution resistance under alkaline condition.     

Fluoride removal from brackish groundwater by direct contact membrane distillation

The direct contact membrane distillation applied for fluoride removal from brackish groundwater was investigated.The self-prepared polyvinylidene fluoride membrane exhibited high rejection of inorganic salt solutes.The maximum permeate flux 35.6 kg/(m2 ·hr) was obtained with the feed solution at 80°C and the cold distillate water at 20°C.The feed concentration had no significant impact on the permeate flux and the rejection in fluoride.The precipitation of CaCO3 would clog the hollow fiber inlets and foul the membrane surface with increasing concentration factor when natural groundwater was used directly as the feed,which resulted in a rapid decline in the module efficiency.This phenomenon was diminished by acidification of the feed.The experimental results showed that the permeate flux and the quality of obtained distillate kept stable before concentration factor reached 5.0 with the acidified groundwater as feed.The membrane module efficiency began to decline gradually when the feed continued to be concentrated,which can be mainly attributed to the formation of CaF2 deposits on the membrane surface.In addition,a 300 hr continuous fluoride removal experiment of acidified groundwater was carried out with concentration factor at 4.0,the permeate flux kept stable and the permeate fluoride was not detected.     

呼吸性粉尘浓度测定值的采用与统计

通过对刘冲矿大量测试数据的解析，论证了矿山各工人群呼吸性粉尘浓度对数值遵从正态分布规律，并在此基础上提出了工人群呼吸性粉尘浓度测定值的采用与统计应遵循的原则和方法，对正确推行呼吸性粉尘监测新技术具有重要意义。     

Fabrication and performance of PET mesh enhanced cellulose acetate membranes for forward osmosis

Polyethylene terephthalate mesh(PET) enhanced cellulose acetate membranes were fabricated via a phase inversion process. The membrane fabrication parameters that may affect the membrane performance were systematically evaluated including the concentration and temperature of the casting polymer solution and the temperature and time of the evaporation, coagulation and annealing processes. The water permeability and reverse salt flux were measured in forward osmosis(FO) mode for determination of the optimal membrane fabrication conditions. The optimal FO membrane shows a typical asymmetric sandwich structure with a mean thickness of about 148.2 μm. The performance of the optimal FO membrane was tested using 0.2 mol/L Na Cl as the feed solution and 1.5 mol/L glucose as the draw solution. The membrane displayed a water flux of 3.47 L/(m2·hr) and salt rejection of95.48% in FO mode. While in pressure retarded osmosis(PRO) mode, the water flux was4.74 L/(m2·hr) and salt rejection 96.03%. The high ratio of water flux in FO mode to that in PRO mode indicates that the fabricated membrane has a lower degree of internal concentration polarization than comparable membranes.     

电厂冷却水对梭幼鱼热效应的研究

通过对梭幼鱼各项温度基准值的测定,研究了电厂冷却水对梭幼鱼的热效应。结果表明,自然水温２５℃条件下,梭幼鱼的回避温度、ＴＬ５０、ＵＩＬＴ、ＭＷＡＴ、ＣＴＭ、短期暴露最高温度分别为３４℃、３６．７℃、３８．７５℃、３０．５２℃、４０．８２℃、３５．３２℃;建立了梭幼鱼对温度效应的敏感区域图和温度－时间方程ｌｏｇｔ（ｍｉｎ）＝１７．９４２２＋０．４２０２５Ｔ（℃）及安全受热方程Ｔ（℃）＝ｌｏｇ１４４０     

火花放电条件下CS_2转化为COS的反应

利用火花放电技术模拟研究了自然界闪电作用下CS₂转化为COS的反应. 结果表明, 放电条件(电压3000 V)下CS₂(初始分压为1.33×10³ Pa)能与空气(25 ℃, 10³ Pa)中的氧气、水蒸气作用, 转化为COS以及其他含硫含碳产物(CO、CO₂、SO₂等); CS₂初始分压、水蒸气和放电时间等因素对COS生成量有明显的影响. 并在实验基础上结合多种理论, 探讨了相关过程的大气闪电反应机理. 这些结果可为自然界闪电条件下的硫循环、碳循环过程的研究提供重要依据.