Study of the Optimization and Adjustment of the Industrial Structure Subjected to Water Resource in the Drainage Area of the Yellow River

Abstract

Since the 1990s, the Yellow River stream has been temporarily interrupted for several years, which affects the development of society, the economy and human life, limits the economic potential of the drainage areas, and especially causes great harm to regions on the lower reaches. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the development of society and economy and water scarcity, the author thinks it is necessary to optimize and adjust the industrial structure that has extravagantly consumed enormous amounts of water, and to develop ecological agriculture, industry and tourism which are balanced with the ecological environment. Finally, the author puts forward several pieces of advice and countermeasures about how to build the economic systems by which water can be used economically.     

Spatial assessment for groundwater quality based on GIS and improved fuzzy comprehensive assessment with entropy weights

The objective of the research is to evaluate spatial groundwater quality based on improved fuzzy comprehensive assessment model with entropy weights(FCAEW)in geographical information system(GIS)environment.This paper explores the method of comprehensive evaluation of groundwater and sets up an evaluation model applying GIS and FCAEW.Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed from 29 wells in Zhenping County,China.Six parameters were chosen including chloride,sulfate,total hardness,nitrate,fluoride and color.Better spatial interpolation methods for evaluated parameters are found out and selected according to the minimum cross-validation errors from the interpolation methods.FCAEW model was carried out with the help of GIS which makes the evaluating process simpler and easier and more automatically,effectively,efficiently and intelligently.The result embodies the feasibility and effectiveness of FCAEW in GIS when compared with other comprehensive evaluation methods.     

Characteristics of atmospheric single particles during haze periods in a typical urban area of Beijing: A case study in October, 2014

To investigate the composition and possible sources of particles, especially during heavy haze pollution, a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) was deployed to measure the changes of single particle species and sizes during October of 2014, in Beijing. A total of 2,871,431 particles with both positive and negative spectra were collected and characterized in combination with the adaptive resonance theory neural network algorithm (ART-2a). Eight types of particles were classified: dust particles (dust, 8.1%), elemental carbon (EC, 29.0%), organic carbon (OC, 18.0%), EC and OC combined particles (ECOC, 9.5%), Na-K containing particles (NaK, 7.9%), K-containing particles (K, 21.8%), organic nitrogen and potassium containing particles (KCN, 2.3%), and metal-containing particles (metal, 3.6%). Three haze pollution events (P1, P2, P3) and one clean period (clean) were analyzed, based on the mass and number concentration of PM_2.5 and the back trajectory results from the hybrid single particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory model (Hysplit-4 model). Results showed that EC, OC and K were the major components of single particles during the three haze pollution periods, which showed clearly increased ratios compared with those in the clean period. Results from the mixing state of secondary species of different types of particles showed that sulfate and nitrate were more readily mixed with carbon-containing particles during haze pollution episodes than in clean periods.     

上海市用水量与经济发展的关系研究

选取上海市1998～2006年的用水量、经济数据,通过人均GDP与人均用水量之间的关系,探索上海市用水量与经济发展是否存在环境库兹涅茨曲线关系,剖析上海市经济增长与用水量的演变规律,结果表明：上海市经济增长与用水量之间不符合一般的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征,重新建立了曲线模型,通过模型计量分析,人均总用水量,人均农业用水量,人均生活用水量与人均GDP曲线均为“U＋倒U”形,而人均工业用水量人均GDP曲线为“倒U＋U”形,为合理开发上海市水资源提供较为科学严谨的依据。     

Evaluation of the readsorption of plutonium and americium in dynamic fractionations of environmental solid samples

A dynamic extraction system exploiting sequential injection (SI) for sequential extractions incorporating a specially designed extraction column is developed to fractionate radionuclides in environmental solid samples such as soils and sediments. The extraction column can contain up to 5 g of a soil sample, and under optimal operational conditions it does not give rise to creation of back pressure. Attention has been placed on studies of the readsorption problems during sequential extraction using a modified Standards, Measurements and Testing (SM&T) scheme with four-step sequential extractions. The degree of readsorption in dynamic and conventional batch extraction systems is compared and evaluated by using a double-spiking technique. A high degree of readsorption of plutonium and americium (>75%) was observed in both systems, and they also exhibited similar distribution patterns of the two radionuclides. However, the dynamic system is fully automated, eliminates manual separations, significantly reduces the operational time required, and offers detailed kinetic information.     

Evolution characteristics and transcriptional responses to multiple stresses of NAC genes in Chenopodium quinoa and its ancestral diploid species北大核心CSCD

NAC是一类广泛参与调控植物在生物和非生物胁迫下防御应答的转录因子.基于系统的比较基因组学研究方法,对藜麦Chenopodium quinoa的NAC基因进行进化与多个生物和非生物逆境下的应答研究.在藜麦C.quinoa、祖先二倍体Chenopodium pallidicaule和Chenopodium suecicum基因组中分别共鉴定得到106、54和54个NAC基因.染色体定位数据表明藜麦基因组中18个NAC基因涉及串联倍增事件.3个物种NAC基因的系统进化树证明藜麦基因组中存在NAC基因的倍增与丢失.藜麦分别和C.pallidicaule和C.suecicum之间同源基因组模块的对应数目关系进一步证明藜麦保留了相当数量的祖先二倍体NAC基因,是其NAC基因倍增的主要动力.此外,藜麦NAC基因在干旱、高温、盐、低磷胁迫和GCFSV侵染下的表达模式被阐明;大量NAC基因被显著地诱导表达,推测其参与了藜麦在生物和非生物胁迫下的防御应答反应.本研究结果为藜麦的遗传育种提供了优良的候选NAC基因.(图7参26)     

Response to environmental flows in the Lower Tarim River, Xinjiang, China: an ecological interpretation of water-table dynamics

Increased water-dependent development and utilization have led to significant environmental and hydrological degradation of the Tarim River in western China and its dependent ecosystems. Between the 1950s and 1970s, 350 km of the lower reaches were drained and between 1960 and 1980 the water-table fell from between −2 and −3 m to between −8 and −10 m. Subsequently, riparian ecosystems were seriously degraded. In 2000, the Chinese government launched a program to restore the lower reaches of the river. Four environmental flows of 1034×10⁶ m³ were released from 2000 to 2002. This paper interprets and discusses the ecological significance of changes following the releases and identifies the relationship between water-table dynamics and vegetation responses. Short-term objectives for river restoration are proposed with possible monitoring parameters suggested.     

机床采购中人机系统安全的层次分析评价

人机系统安全评价是企业机床采购过程中非常重要的一方面.本文对影响机床的人机系统安全的因素进行了分析归类,建立了人机系统安全性评价指标体系,并应用AHP法对人机系统安全性进行了评价.结合企业对各个供应商产品的单个指标的评价得分,得到供应商产品的综合得分,从而辅助企业作出科学合理的采购决策.     

强电磁脉冲环境下计算机设备的防护

探讨了强电磁脉冲对计算机设备的损伤机理和破坏作用,介绍了国内外在强电磁脉冲防护领域的研究发展状况,对计算机脉冲防护技术和措施做了详尽的介绍.结合国内外研究现状和发展趋势,建议加强相关领域的研究,并指出今后的研究方向,以提高强电磁脉冲环境下计算机设备的生存能力.     

纳米银诱导细胞自噬的分子机制和生物效应

细胞自噬对维持细胞的生长代谢以及细胞内环境稳态具有重要意义。近年来,纳米银(silver nanoparticles, AgNPs)与细胞自噬的关系逐渐被揭示。深入了解AgNPs诱导的细胞自噬效应有助于其在医药领域的进一步应用,也能为全面评估AgNPs的纳米毒性提供科学依据。本文重点介绍AgNPs诱导细胞自噬的机制及其涉及的主要信号通路,通过探讨不同理化性质的AgNPs诱导自噬的不同结果及机制,归纳总结AgNPs诱导细胞自噬的生物效应,以期为全面认识AgNPs的自噬效应提供科学依据。