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891.
Paul Hallwood 《Resources Policy》1985,11(3):191-200
This paper uses a model of the optimum buffer stock as a ‘filter rule’ together with a financial model that can be used to assess the efficiency of international commodity markets. The approach is simpler to apply than many other methods which have hitherto been used and yields an economy in theoretical and computational effort. The arguments are applied as a case study to the international copper market. The main conclusion is that private storage is not under-provided for and that a public buffer stock agency would be unlikely to be self-financing. 相似文献
892.
Toward an integrated analysis of mitigation and adaptation: some preliminary findings 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Thomas J. Wilbanks Paul Leiby Robert Perlack J. Timothy Ensminger Sherry B. Wright 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(5):713-725
Between 1999 and 2003, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) made a preliminary effort to integrate an analysis of mitigation
and adaptation to climate change impact vulnerabilities in two ways: top-down and bottom-up. This paper briefly describes
these early experiments and summarizes their findings, both about climate change vulnerability reduction and about the challenges
of integrated analysis, expanding upon results previously reported [Wilbanks et al. (Environment 45/5:28–38, 2003); ORNL (Integrated analysis of mitigation and adaptation as responses to concerns about impacts of global climate change,
ORNL Working paper 2003); ORNL and CUSAT 2003; Wilbanks 2005].
The U.S Government’s right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged 相似文献
893.
A.C. Paul P.M.B. Pillai S. Komalan Nair K.C. Pillai 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》1984,1(1):51-65
Radium-226 present in rock phosphate is carried to CaCO3, the main process waste sludge of the fertilizer industry. Disposal of the sludge in the environment enhances the radiation background in the area. Two states of adherence of radium in the sludge have been identified, one loosely bound and the other chemically exchanged. The loosely bound fraction accounts for nearly 40% of the total activity, as demonstrated by leaching studies. Laboratory experiments show that activity leach-out by infiltration of water through the sludge is low. Lateral seepage is found to cause extensive areal contamination due to dispersal of suspended solids in the vicinity of the disposal area. The rate of emanation of radon from the sludge is found to be high, a factor of 10 over the normal background emanation rate. The radiation field in the waste disposal area also shows enhancement, with levels 4–6 times higher than natural background. 相似文献
894.
895.
896.
897.
The scope of mitigation options in tropical agriculture is discussed for three different activities (a) agroforestry, (b) rice-based production systems and (c) pasture/animal husbandry. The prevention of deforestation - and the re-forestation of degraded land - could become a key elements to national climate protection programs of some developing countries. Agroforestry may offer economically viable windows of opportunity for sustainable use of tropical forests whereas additional funds (e.g. through “Clean Development Mechanism”) will be required to make re-forestation programs profitable. Alternative management practices in rice-based systems may offer win-win options to reduce emissions and - at the same time - to obtain another improvement in the production system, namely through optimized timing of nitrogen fertilizer, temporary drainage in irrigated rice fields and integrated residue management. Introducing pasture in degraded land can sequester substantial amounts of carbon (similar to re-forestation). Future research has to include participation of stakeholders from all conceivable levels, i.e. farmers' cooperatives, non-governmental organizations, national agricultural research centers and extension services, to devise simple and financially interesting incentives for reducing emissions. The feasibility of environmentally friendly production techniques has to be disseminated to the public through ‘success stories’ (documented in public media) and demonstration farms. 相似文献
898.
899.
Eric Michnowsky Leslie M. Churchland Patricia A. Thomson Paul H. Whitfield 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1982,18(1):129-132
ABSTRACT: Changes in metal concentrations during storage of acidified water samples were studied. Water samples with high concentrations of suspended sediment were collected from the Fraser River, British Columbia. These samples were analyzed for “extractable” metals, which are defined to be the dissolved metals plus those metals extracted from suspended sediment by dilute mineral acid. Concentrations of extractable Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, and Cd were determined over time. Metal concentrations in these water samples were not stable and showed significant increases throughout the storage period. These results suggest that the extractable metal technique is inappropriate for the analysis of water samples containing suspended sediment. 相似文献
900.
Richard B. Mclean John J. Beauchamp Victor E. Kane Paul T. Singley 《Environmental management》1982,6(5):431-439
A model is presented that allows testing of hypotheses concerning the effects of temperature and change in temperature on impingement. The model is evaluated using data from the Tennessee Valley Authority's Kingston Steam Plant, Watts Bar Reservoir, Tennessee, USA for two fish species impinged in large numbers in the United States: threadfin and gizzard shad,Dorosoma petenense andD. cepedianum. Hydrographic characteristics near the intake screens were mapped to help explain the possible role of hydrography in distributing fish across the screens. Understanding the role of temperature and hydrography in impingement of fish provides a basis for new intake designs that may reduce impingement and helps in the development of methods to reduce impingement at existing facilities. The temperature modeling approach and conclusions about hydrographic effects might be applied to other systems in which cold-stressed schooling fish are impinged.Research sponsored by the Office of Health and Environmental Research, US Department of Energy, under contract W-7405-eng-26 with Union Carbide Corporation.Publication No. 1872, Environmental Sciences Division, ORNL. 相似文献