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Female selectivity was tested in Tettigonia viridissima during two different phonotaxis situations; compensated walking and tethered flight. For two of the three temporal parameters that are important for call recognition in T. viridissima, selectivity was similar in the two situations. Selectivity for the third parameter (minimum interval duration between the double pulses) was much higher during walking than during flight: walking females responded only to stimuli with intervals of 28 ms or longer, while call models with intervals of 18 ms were attractive during flight. One interneuron (TN-1) is probably involved in filtering the minimum interval duration. As this neuron is also the most likely candidate for transmitting bat calls during flight, it is suggested that the selectivity differences between walking and flying might be due to the need for detecting predator signals during flight, when TN-1 would be occupied listening for bats. With TN-1 unavailable for song processing during flight, temporal selectivity for the minimum interval duration should be reduced, as was found here. 相似文献
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The traditional theory of exhaustion is revised to allow for long run capital mobility. This model is extended to include the impact of cumulative environmental damages on the optimal path of resource use. Models and optimal markets are then analyzed for cases where minerals are available over a continuum of quality and where recycling ameliorates inevitable exhaustion of non-renewable resources. Finally, the impact of technological change on long run trends in mineral prices is examined. 相似文献
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V. C. Hammen J. C. Biesmeijer R. Bommarco E. Budrys T. R. Christensen S. Fronzek R. Grabaum P. Jaksic S. Klotz P. Kramarz G. Kröel-Dulay I. Kühn M. Mirtl M. Moora T. Petanidou J. Pino S. G. Potts A. Rortais C. H. Schulze I. Steffan-Dewenter J. Stout H. Szentgyörgyi M. Vighi A. Vujic C. Westphal T. Wolf G. Zavala M. Zobel J. Settele W. E. Kunin 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,164(1-4):337-348
The field site network (FSN) plays a central role in conducting joint research within all Assessing Large-scale Risks for biodiversity with tested Methods (ALARM) modules and provides a mechanism for integrating research on different topics in ALARM on the same site for measuring multiple impacts on biodiversity. The network covers most European climates and biogeographic regions, from Mediterranean through central European and boreal to subarctic. The project links databases with the European-wide field site network FSN, including geographic information system (GIS)-based information to characterise the test location for ALARM researchers for joint on-site research. Maps are provided in a standardised way and merged with other site-specific information. The application of GIS for these field sites and the information management promotes the use of the FSN for research and to disseminate the results. We conclude that ALARM FSN sites together with other research sites in Europe jointly could be used as a future backbone for research proposals. 相似文献
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Oelmann Y Kreutziger Y Temperton VM Buchmann N Roscher C Schumacher J Schulze ED Weisser WW Wilcke W 《Journal of environmental quality》2007,36(2):396-407
Previous research has shown that plant diversity influences N and P cycles. However, the effect of plant diversity on complete ecosystem N and P budgets has not yet been assessed. For 20 plots of artificially established grassland mixtures differing in plant diversity, we determined N and P inputs by bulk and dry deposition and N and P losses by mowing (and subsequent removal of the biomass) and leaching from April 2003 to March 2004. Total deposition of N and P was 2.3 +/- 0.1 and 0.2 +/- 0.01 g m(-2) yr(-1), respectively. Mowing was the main N and P loss. The net N and P budgets were negative (-6.3 +/- 1.1 g N and -1.9 +/- 0.2 g P m(-2) yr(-1)). For N, this included a conservative estimate of atmospheric N(2) fixation. Nitrogen losses as N(2)O were expected to be small at our study site (<0.05 g m(-2) yr(-1)). Legumes increased the removal of N with the harvest and decreased leaching of NH(4)-N and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) from the canopy. Reduced roughness of grass-containing mixtures decreased dry deposition of N and P. Total dissolved P and NO(3)-N leaching from the canopy increased in the presence of grasses attributable to the decreased N and P demand of grass-containing mixtures. Species richness did not have an effect on any of the studied fluxes. Our results demonstrate that the N and P fluxes in managed grassland are modified by the presence or absence of particular functional plant groups and are mainly driven by the management. 相似文献
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A. S. Prokushkin A. A. Knorre A. V. Kirdyanov E.-D. Schulze 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2006,37(4):225-232
Productivity of the moss cover and necromass accumulation in the litter of a sphagnum larch forest have been estimated on the basis of tree age. It has been shown that the total carbon stock in the litter of a 100-year-old stand, including organic matter not destroyed by fire, exceeds the corresponding value for the tree stand itself by more than an order of magnitude. The accumulation of organic matter on the soil surface inhibits the growth of larch. In particular, this factor impairs hydrothermal conditions in the soil and causes a rise of the permafrost table; as a consequence, lower layers of the root system die off. 相似文献
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Ina Fickelscher Heike Starke Eberhard Schulze Günther Ernst Nadezda Kosyakova Hasmik Mkrtchyan Kay MacDermont Neil Sebire Thomas Liehr 《黑龙江环境通报》2007,27(8):783-785
A prenatally ascertained case with a de novo small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 1 is reported. Due to a fetal heart defect the parents decided in favour of an induced abortion. Postmortem, a molecular cytogenetic study on eleven formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of the fetus was performed, to further characterize the levels of mosaicism of the sSMC(1). sSMC presence varied between 13 and 62% within different tissues of sSMC carriers. This finding is something common in sSMC carriers and could explain why up to the present no clinical correlations for sSMC mosaicism and clinical outcome in the corresponding carriers could be established. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献