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121.
Dulce Buchala Bicca Rodrigues Paulo Tarso Sanches Oliveira Teodorico Alves Sobrinho Eduardo Mario Mendiondo 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2013,15(4):1037-1048
The Brazilian program of payment for environmental services (PES) is based on ranges of potential erosion decrease (ED) from soil and water conservation proposals estimated from the Universal Soil Loss Equation. Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) result in many alterations of the basin water balance. Therefore, to contribute to the methodological development of Brazilian PES, this paper proposes a quantification of hydrological benefits based on conservation measures. We propose basing the PES program on adding the potential water storage increase (WSI) parameter estimated from the runoff curve number model. Two LULC change scenarios were run considering conservation measures on degraded areas. We found that indicators of ED and WSI were compatible tools for driving the eligibility of soil and water conservation measures. However, the water storage parameter seems to be better at managing the PES mechanism because it is based on water prices and can contribute to appreciation of the efforts performed by the rural producers. The use of the SCS-CN method presents greater feasibility as a tool for the implementation of PES programs in ungauged basins. Thus, an analysis of the success of the innovation proposal of the Brazilian PES program allows inferences to be made about the quantification and financial valuation of hydrological benefits of the potential storage increase and current water price. 相似文献
122.
Diamantino Insua Pereira Paulo Pereira José Brilha Leonardo Santos 《Environmental management》2013,52(3):541-552
Geodiversity is considered as the natural range of geological, geomorphological, and soil features, including their assemblages, relationships, properties, interpretations, and systems. A method developed for the quantitative assessment of geodiversity was applied to Paraná, a Brazilian state with an area of about 200,000 km2. The method is based on the overlay of a grid over different maps at scales ranging from 1/500,000 to 1/650,000, with the final Geodiversity Index the sum of five partial indexes calculated on a 25 × 25 km grid. The partial indexes represent the main components of geodiversity, including geology (stratigraphy and lithology), geomorphology, paleontology, and soils. The fifth partial index covers mineral occurrences of geodiversity, such precious stones and metals, energy and industrial minerals, mineral waters, and springs. The Geodiversity Index takes the form of an isoline map that can be used as a tool in land-use planning, particularly in identifying priority areas for conservation, management, and use of natural resources at the state level. 相似文献
123.
dos Santos Filho Edson Antônio Siqueira Danilo Diniz Araújo Edcleide Maria Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto de Medeiros Everaldo Paulo 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(2):443-460
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Nowadays, there is a need to obtain eco-friendly materials, especially plastics that are responsible for most of the environmental pollution. In this... 相似文献
124.
Gomes-Junior RA Moldes CA Delite FS Pompeu GB Gratão PL Mazzafera P Lea PJ Azevedo RA 《Chemosphere》2006,65(8):1330-1337
The antioxidant responses of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) cell suspension cultures to cadmium (Cd) were investigated. Cd accumulated very rapidly in the cells and this accumulation was directly correlated with an increase in applied CdCl(2) concentration in the external medium. At 0.05mM CdCl(2), growth was stimulated, but at 0.5mM CdCl(2), the growth rate was reduced. An alteration in activated oxygen metabolism was detected by visual analysis as well as by an increase in lipid peroxidation at the higher CdCl(2) concentration. Catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) activity increased, particularly at the higher concentration of CdCl(2). Ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11) activity was increased at the lower CdCl(2) concentration used, but could not be detected in cells growing in the higher CdCl(2) concentration after 24h of growth, whilst guaiacol peroxidase (GOPX; EC 1.11.1.7) did not show a clear response to Cd treatment. An analysis by non-denaturing PAGE followed by staining for enzyme activity, revealed one CAT isoenzyme, nine SOD isoenzymes and four GR isoenzymes. The SOD isoenzymes were differently affected by CdCl(2) treatment and one GR isoenzyme was shown to specifically respond to CdCl(2). The results suggest that the higher concentrations of CdCl(2) may lead to oxidative stress. The main response appears to be via the induction of SOD and CAT activities for the removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and by the induction of GR to ensure the availability of reduced glutathione for the synthesis of Cd-binding peptides, which may also be related to the inhibition of APX activity probably due to glutathione and ascorbate depletion. 相似文献
125.
Non-homogeneous Poisson models with a change-point: an application to ozone peaks in Mexico city 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jorge Alberto Achcar Eliane R. Rodrigues Carlos Daniel Paulino Paulo Soares 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2010,17(4):521-541
In this paper, we use some non-homogeneous Poisson models in order to study the behavior of ozone measurements in Mexico City.
We assume that the number of ozone peaks follows a non-homogeneous Poisson process. We consider four types of rate function
for the Poisson process: power law, Musa–Okumoto, Goel–Okumoto, and a generalized Goel–Okumoto rate function. We also assume
that a change-point may or may not be present. The analysis of the problem is performed by using a Bayesian approach via Markov
chain Monte Carlo methods. The best model is chosen using the DIC criterion as well as graphical approach. 相似文献
126.
Gonçalo C. Cardoso Paulo Gama Mota Violaine Depraz 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(9):1425-1436
We tested if male or female behavior towards manipulated song indicates intra- or inter-sexual selection of two characteristics
of serin song that are extreme and evolutionarily derived in this species: high frequency and fast syllable rate. In a first
experiment, we monitored vocal responses and attendance to song playbacks. Female behavior indicated a preference for high-frequency
song and suggested an aggressive function for fast syllable rates, as fast songs inhibited vocal response. Males did not show
discrimination of frequency or syllable rate with this experimental design. The second experiment used a simple approach/no
approach design, and in this experiment, males showed stronger discrimination between stimuli than did females. Therefore,
sex differences in discrimination appear not to result from differences in perceptual abilities but from differences in the
context of stimulus presentation. The second experiment also supported a role of song frequency in female choice, as the effect
of frequency was limited to females: males did not respond differently to song frequency and approached high-frequency songs
less than females did. Results of this experiment also supported an aggressive function for fast syllable rates, as the effect
of fast songs did extend to male behavior. Taken together, our results indicate that the high frequency and fast syllable
rate of serin song cannot result from a single selection process: while high frequency may have evolved by inter-sexual selection,
syllable rate provokes a pattern of response that is more consistent with intra-sexual selection. 相似文献
127.
Caliari Paulo Cezar Pacheco Maria José Ciríaco Lurdes Lopes Ana 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):24138-24149
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this work was to evaluate the pollutant load from tannery effluents treated by chemical coagulation (CC) followed by electro-oxidation... 相似文献
128.
Romanelli João Paulo Gonçalves Maria Carolina Pereira de Abreu Pestana Luís Fernando Soares Jéssica Akemi Hitaka Boschi Raquel Stucchi Andrade Daniel Fernandes 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(43):60448-60458
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The evidence base in environmental sciences is increasing steadily. Environmental researchers have been challenged to handle massive volumes of data... 相似文献
129.
130.