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901.
902.
M. Wolff L. Rhumbler W. Bally A. Koch A. Pütter Vészi Leon Asher F. Röhmann 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1914,2(32):802-811
903.
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P. Neményi 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1933,21(39):708-709
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Mathieu Sicard Frédéric Chevalier Mickaël De Vlechouver Didier Bouchon Pierre Grève Christine Braquart-Varnier 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(9):819-826
Ecological factors modulate animal immunocompetence and potentially shape the evolution of their immune systems. Not only
environmental parameters impact on immunocompetence: Aging is one major cause of variability of immunocompetence between individuals,
and sex-specific levels of immunocompetence have also been frequently described. Moreover, a growing core of data put in light
that vertically transmitted symbionts can dramatically modulate the immunocompetence of their hosts. In this study, we addressed
the influence of gender, age and the feminising endosymbiont Wolbachia (wVulC) on variations in haemocyte density, total PO activity and bacterial load in the haemolymph of the terrestrial isopod
Armadillidium vulgare. This host–symbiont system is of particular interest to address this question since: (1) wVulC was previously shown as immunosuppressive in middle-aged females and (2) wVulC influences sex determination. We show that age, gender and Wolbachia modulate together immune parameters in A. vulgare. However, wVulC, which interacts with aging, appears to be the prominent factor interfering with both PO activity and haemocyte density.
This interference with immune parameters is not the only aspect of wVulC virulence on its host, as reproduction and survival are also altered. 相似文献
910.
Platycampus larvae are highly cryptic leaf feeders characterised by a dorso-ventrally flattened body, the dorsal integument resembling
a shield. Dorsal and ventral cuticles from Platycampus luridiventris were compared by histology and gel electrophoresis. By Azan-staining, a red and a blue layer were distinguished in the dorsal
cuticle, while the ventral cuticle showed one, almost uniform blue layer, as in both cuticles of control species. The two
cuticles from P. luridiventris had similar amounts and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles of soluble proteins, but not
insoluble proteins. One insoluble protein (MW ≈ 41 kDa) was visible as a large band in the ventral cuticle only. It is likely
that this protein renders the cuticle elastic, and that the dorsal, red layer is the exocuticle, mainly composed of insoluble
proteins. We discuss eco-physiological implications of the exocuticle in insects. Further, data from the literature indicate
that the defence strategy in P. luridiventris larvae relies on being visually cryptic towards avian predators and tactically cryptic towards arthropod predators and parasitoids.
Crypsis in both senses is favoured by the shield effect, itself based on an abnormally thick dorsal exocuticle. Although the
larvae are external feeders, they may be considered as hidden from an ecological perspective. 相似文献