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Wyrzykowska B Hanari N Orlikowska A Bochentin I Rostkowski P Falandysz J Taniyasu S Horii Y Jiang Q Yamashita N 《Chemosphere》2007,67(9):1877-1886
Pine needles were selected as cost effective and easy collectable matrices suitable for long-term monitoring of the lower troposphere pollution with polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated naphthalenes. The fingerprints of PCNs and PCBs in the top layers of agricultural soils were used for determination of point sources of pollution for terrestrial ecosystems. The new idea based on the use of nona- and decachlorinated isomers fingerprint as an additional tool suitable for the identification of potential point sources of pollution with PCBs, seemed to be a capable tool to identify contamination of soil and ambient air related to former manufacturing and the use of highly chlorinated technical PCB preparations. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to investigate how various combinations of atmospheric pollutants may affect -GPDH activity in the satin moth. Enzyme activity was measured in crude larva and pupa as well as in hoogenates from the fat body and thoracic muscles of adults. The insects were divided into five groups and treated with dust (containing heavy metals) and gaseous pollutants (SO2, NOx) in different concentrations. Specific activity of -GPDH was the highest in thoracic muscles of adult satin moth and was significantly higher in males, regardless of their origin. Low concentration of SO2 caused stimulation of enzyme activity but simultaneous action of SO2, NOx and heavy metal containing dust with accompanied acid precipitation caused inhibition of -GPDH activity, probably as the result of sulphite bounds with pyridine and flavin nucleotides. 相似文献
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This study proposes and empirically tests a framework that integrates the concepts of community resilience and social–ecological system (SES) resilience through community forestry case studies. The framework provides a possible approach for assessing community resilience based on the development and allocation of socio-cultural, economic, and natural capital of individual households within a given forest community. Furthermore, aspects of SES resilience and system dynamics are used to define the potential state thresholds of community resilience. This exploratory attempt to quantify community resilience, using the proposed framework, aims to advance understanding of the conceptual overlaps of SES and community resilience as applied to forestry management. We consider community forestry groups as SES examples in which the community is an important stakeholder in managing natural forest capital. We selected pioneer communities under the community-based forest management (CBFM) Program in the Philippines as our case studies. We found that, on average, CBFM group members demonstrated moderate levels of resilience according to their acquired levels of capital. Although economic capital remained the weakest capital, the CBFM program had a positive effect in increasing the socio-cultural and natural capital of an entire community. 相似文献
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Pawel Fedurek Anne M. Schel Katie E. Slocombe 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2013,67(11):1781-1789
Duetting or chorusing behaviour occurs in a wide variety of animals and is posited to fulfil various important functions including territory defence and social bonding. The structure of calls produced in choruses might be shaped in a way that facilitates such joint vocal displays. In this study, we test the hypothesis that flexibility to modify the temporal structure of chimpanzee pant-hoots, vocalisations often given jointly with other individuals, facilitates chorusing. The results of this study, which was conducted on two communities of wild chimpanzees in Uganda, support this hypothesis. First, the duration of the build-up phase of the pant-hoot correlated with the latency with which the partner joined in the call, suggesting that males prolong the duration of the build-up to allow others to join in the call and to increase the likelihood of a chorus occurring. Second, the loud climax phases were significantly longer when produced in choruses than alone, which suggests that males prolong this part of the call when calling in choruses. Within chorus pant-hoots, there was a positive relationship between the number of climax elements given by two calling partners, suggesting that males adjust the temporal structure of their call to mirror their partner's call. We conclude that the basic acoustic structure of chimpanzee pant-hoots and the flexibility with which males adjust the duration of the constituent phases promote chorusing, and that the temporal structure of this rather stereotyped vocalisation is sensitive to fine details of the vocal responses of the audience. 相似文献
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Grazyna Bystrzejewska-Piotrowska Jerzy Golimowski Pawel L. Urban 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(9):2587-2595
This literature review discusses specific issues related to handling of waste containing nanomaterials. The aims are (1) to highlight problems related to uncontrolled release of nanoparticles to the environment through waste disposal, and (2) to introduce the topics of nanowaste and nanotoxicology to the waste management community. Many nanoparticles used by industry contain heavy metals, thus toxicity and bioaccumulation of heavy metals contained in nanoparticles may become important environmental issues. Although bioavailability of heavy metals contained in nanoparticles can be lower than those present in soluble form, the toxicity resulting from their intrinsic nature (e.g. their size, shape or density) may be significant. An approach to the treatment of nanowaste requires understanding of all its properties – not only chemical, but also physical and biological. Progress in nanowaste management also requires studies of the environmental impact of the new materials. The authors believe Amara’s law is applicable to the impact of nanotechnologies, and society might overestimate the short-term effects of these technologies, while underestimating the long-term effects. It is necessary to have basic information from companies about the level and nature of nanomaterials produced or emitted and about the expectation of the life cycle time of nanoproducts as a basis to estimate the level of nanowaste in the future. Without knowing how companies plan to use and store recycled and nonrecycled nanomaterials, development of regulations is difficult. Tagging of nanoproducts is proposed as a means to facilitate separation and recovery of nanomaterials. 相似文献
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Elisabeth Brandes Maria Mitu Dieter Pawel 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2007,20(4-6):536-540
It is well known that explosive mixtures can exist at temperatures below the flash point (FP). Experiments show that the difference between the FP and the lower explosion point (LEP) may be up to 15 K and in some special cases even more. Consequently, an industrial process even running a few Kelvin below the FP may operate in an explosive vapour/air-atmosphere. Operating at temperatures below the LEP gives sufficient safety. Calculated LEPs are discussed and compared with experimental results. 相似文献
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Taylor Jason J. Lawler James P. Aronsson Mora Barry Tom Bjorkman Anne D. Christensen Tom Coulson Stephen J. Cuyler Christine Ehrich Dorothee Falk Knud Franke Alastair Fuglei Eva Gillespie Mark A. Heiðmarsson Starri Høye Toke Jenkins Liza K. Ravolainen Virve Smith Paul A. Wasowicz Pawel Schmidt Niels Martin 《Ambio》2020,49(3):833-847
Ambio - This review provides a synopsis of the main findings of individual papers in the special issue Terrestrial Biodiversity in a Rapidly Changing Arctic. The special issue was developed to... 相似文献
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Pawel Wasowicz Alexander N. Sennikov Kristine B. Westergaard Katie Spellman Matthew Carlson Lynn J. Gillespie Jeffery M. Saarela Steven S. Seefeldt Bruce Bennett Christian Bay Stefanie Ickert-Bond Henry Vre 《Ambio》2020,49(3):693-703
We present a comprehensive list of non-native vascular plants known from the Arctic, explore their geographic distribution, analyze the extent of naturalization and invasion among 23 subregions of the Arctic, and examine pathways of introductions. The presence of 341 non-native taxa in the Arctic was confirmed, of which 188 are naturalized in at least one of the 23 regions. A small number of taxa (11) are considered invasive; these plants are known from just three regions. In several Arctic regions there are no naturalized non-native taxa recorded and the majority of Arctic regions have a low number of naturalized taxa. Analyses of the non-native vascular plant flora identified two main biogeographic clusters within the Arctic: American and Asiatic. Among all pathways, seed contamination and transport by vehicles have contributed the most to non-native plant introduction in the Arctic. 相似文献