The role of black carbon as a catalyst for environmental redox transformation

Black carbon (BC) is an important class of geosorbents that control the fate and transport of organic pollutants in soil and sediment. We previously demonstrated a new role of BC as an electron transfer mediator in the abiotic reduction of nitroaromatic and nitramine compounds by Oh and Chiu (Environ Sci Technol 43:6983–6988, 2009). We proposed that BC can catalyze the reduction of nitro compounds because it contains microscopic graphitic (graphene) domains, which facilitate both sorption and electron transfer. In this study, we assessed the ability of different types of BC—graphite, activated carbon, and diesel soot—to mediate the reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and 2,4-dibromophenol (DBP) by H₂S. All three types of BC enhanced DNT and DBP reduction. H₂S supported BC-mediated reduction, as was observed previously with a thiol reductant. The results suggest that BC may influence the fate of organic pollutants in reducing subsurface environments through redox transformation in addition to sorption.

     

华蓥山国家地质公园盆景式石林的形态特征与生态成因

以华蓥山国家地质公园内盆景式石林为研究对象,用遮蔽指数、侧蔽指数、偏率和侧视指数4个指标对盆景式石林的特征进行描述,并分析其生态成因.结果表明,其总体特征是树冠冠幅面积大于石柱底面积,sh约为1.49;si约为0.36,石柱上部1/4部分生物的生化作用最强烈;树冠形态具有不对称性美,ti约为1.5,sl约为0.48.其形态特征与华蓥山地质基础、小气候环境植物与石柱的生长发育阶段和人为因素有关.     

资源环境承载力约束下产业转移区域布局研究——以印染产业为例

以区域资源环境承载力和产业转移为理论指导,从规划保障、经济需求、产业链发展条件、水资源保护、水环境保护五个方面构建印染产业布局评价指标体系,运用主成分聚类分析法以河南省18个省辖市作为承接印染产业转移的备选城市进行综合评价,并根据分析结果将备选地区分为4个类别,提出每类地区在资源和环境约束下承接印染产业转移的策略,以期为我国中西部地区承接产业转移过程中协调资源环境与区域空间布局关系提供理论基础和经验借鉴.     

电子电器生产企业物料流动分析方法研究

有效地控制电子企业环境污染,提高资源的利用率,回收有价值的资源,是电子企业的必然选择。建立了以物质守恒定律为依据的物料流动平衡分析式和平衡图,提出了物料平衡对象的选择,研究了物料流动分析方法,确定数据获取的方法与边界,阐述了提高生产效率、降低物耗和能耗、回收资源的解决方案。     

煤矿区域可持续发展的动力学模型

本文从系统论的观点出发 ,结合当前煤矿区域的实际情况 ,给出了煤矿区域系统所具备的动力学性质和特征 ,通过所建的一个数学模型 ,探讨了煤矿区域煤炭资源持续利用与地方经济可持续发展之间的非线性关系及其调控措施     

不同材料固定香菇废弃菌柄对铅和镉的吸附

研究了用聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠(PVA-SA),海藻酸钠(SA)和琼脂三种材料固定香菇(Lentinus edodes)废弃菌柄制作成吸附小球的理化特性,初步比较了三种小球和自由菌粉的吸附能力,在此基础上进一步分析了PVA-SA香菇小球吸附Pb2+和Cd2+的动力学。结果表明,PVA-SA香菇小球的成球性,机械强度和耐酸性最好。固定小球的吸附能力比自由菌粉的有所下降,以Cd的吸附率降低幅度较大,PVA-SA香菇小球和SA香菇小球对Pb的吸附率降低幅度较小,吸附率分别为92.4%和92.7%,对Cd的吸附率分别为55.9%和58.66%。伪二级动力学模型能够很好的拟合固定小球对Pb2+和Cd2+吸附的动力学过程,相关系数R2分别为0.9999和0.9904,由伪二级动力学方程得到的Pb2+和Cd2+理论平衡吸附量qe分别为0.4926和0.1448mg/g,跟实验测定获得的数据0.4635mg/g和0.1423mg/g相近。     

江南某污水厂A-A2/O工艺生物脱氮运行过程研究

污水厂采用A-A2/O工艺,采取对回流污泥预反硝化及分段进水的方法.TN平均去除率为63.2%,出水达标率为57.2%,出水TN不稳定,去除率低,达标率低.好氧池硝化效果好,污泥反硝化池没有发挥其作用,缺氧池反硝化不彻底.建议适当的增加污泥反硝化池进水碳源和停留时间;把好氧池的前段改做缺氧池;适当的降低好氧池曝气量;通过实验调试,确定最佳的硝化液回流量.     

Capture of carbon dioxide by amine-impregnated as-synthesized MCM-41

The novel carbon dioxide(CO2) adsorbents with a high capture effciency were prepared through impregnating the as-synthesized MCM-41 with three kinds of amines,namely diethylenetriamine(DETA) ,triethylenetetramine(TETA) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol(AMP) .The resultant samples were characterized by small angle X-ray diffraction and low temperature N2 adsorption.The synthesis way not only saves the energy or extractor to remove the template but also is environmentally friendly due to the absence of the potential pollutants such as toluene.CO2 capture was investigated in a dynamic packed column.The sample impregnated by TETA showed the highest adsorption capacity,approximately 2.22 mmol/g at 60°C due to its highest amino-groups content among the three amines.The CO2 adsorption behavior was also investigated with the deactivation model,which showed an excellent prediction for the breakthrough curves.     

Regeneration of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol used for carbon dioxide absorption

To improve the efficiency of the carbon dioxide cycling process and to reduce the regeneration energy consumption, a sterically hindered amine of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propranol (AMP) was investigated to determine its regeneration behavior as a CO_2 absorbent. The CO_2 absorption and amine regeneration characteristics were experimentally examined under various operating conditions. The regeneration efficiency increased from 86.2% to 98.3% during the temperature range of 358 to 403 K. The most suitable regeneration temperature for AMP was 383 K, in this experiment condition, and the regeneration efficiency of absorption/regeneration runs descended from 98.3% to 94.0%. A number of heat-stable salts (HSS) could cause a reduction in CO_2 absorption capacity and regeneration efficiency. The results indicated that aqueous AMP was easier to regenerate with less loss of absorption capacity than other amines, such as, monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA).     

泮河底泥中重金属污染及潜在生态危害评价

在对泮河污染现状调查与分析的基础上,采用地累积指数法和Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对泮河底泥中重金属污染程度和生态危害进行了评价。结果表明,泮河底泥已经不同程度的受到了Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg的污染;各种重金属的污染程度为:Hg>Cd>Cr>Cu>Zn>Pb。对泮河底泥重金属的潜在危害评价显示,以当地背景值作为参比值进行评价,泮河属于严重的潜在生态风险程度,主要贡献因子是Hg和Cd。