碳纳米管/BiOBr复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

采用一步溶剂热的方法成功制备了微量多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）修饰的溴氧化铋（BiOBr）复合材料,实现了对盐酸四环素（TC）的高效稳定降解.在MWCNT添加量为0.01mg（0.001wt%）时,制得的MWCNT/BiOBr催化剂具有较低的光致发光强度、较大的光电流和较小的EIS弧,显著提高了光催化效率.性能的显著提高是由于MWCNT的高捕获电子能力,它不仅能增强光吸收,而且还加速了电荷载流子的分离.通过自由基捕获实验和电子自旋共振（ESR）确定其主要活性组分为·O₂^-,并提出了提高复合材料光催化活性的可能机理.     

论环境公益诉讼

进入21世纪以来,人们对自然环境的破坏日趋加剧,地球环境不断恶化,由此引发了层出不穷的环境争议。环境公益诉讼制度作为最有强制力、最为公平正义的终局解决办法,是解决环境问题,保护国家、社会和公众环境权益的最有效途径,并在现代法治社会中起到越来越突出的作用。从环境公益诉讼的基础理论出发,借鉴国外环境公益诉讼的经验,分析我国环境诉讼法律制度存在的问题,阐述建立环境公益诉讼制度的必要性,并提出建立环境公益诉讼制度的建议,旨在探索一条落实科学发展观的环境保护新思路。     

餐厨垃圾厌氧消化过程养分综合利用研究

餐厨垃圾产量大、危害大、回收价值高,合理利用其中磷的资源价值,可规避其污染风险。综合利用情景分析与物质流分析方法,基于情景分析和养分流动概念模型,对苏南地区餐厨垃圾厌氧消化副产物以3种情景进行处理〔沼液进行水处理,沼渣焚烧（情景1,S1）;沼液还田,沼渣制有机肥（情景2,S2）;沼液进行水处理,沼渣制有机肥（情景3,S3）〕,以100 t的餐厨垃圾处理规模为参考,分析总磷（TP）的物质流。结果表明：S1的餐厨垃圾中有0.99 kg TP还田,最终有0.96 kg TP进入水稻;S2的餐厨垃圾中有64.05 kg TP还田,最终有62.10 kg TP进入水稻;S3的餐厨垃圾中有8.67 kg TP还田,最终有8.49 kg TP进入水稻。结合经济性能对3种情景进行综合评价,发现S2为餐厨垃圾资源化的最优模式,TP的资源化利用率为91.53%,远高于S1和S3。

     

双锥度锥形模设计

在冷镦生产中 ,当零件的头部变形较大时 ,通常采用大料及缩径的加工方法。使用该方法冷镦凹模寿命低。通过理论分析和大量的实验后 ,成功地采用双锥度锥形模加普通凹模的生产方式 ,生产头部变形较大的零件 ,取得了良好的效果 ,大大降低了零件的生产成本。     

中试SBR长期运行中粘性膨胀现象及原因分析

通过对SBR中型试验系统长期(200d)处理实际生活污水过程中的污泥膨胀现象进行考察,研究了温度、污泥中胞外聚合物(EPS)含量、污泥负荷及DO浓度与污泥膨胀现象之间的内在联系.试验结果表明,系统污泥膨胀属于粘性膨胀,是一种在低温(16℃以下)条件下容易发生的污泥膨胀现象,且这种膨胀会导致污泥流失并致使系统混合液污泥浓度(MLSS)逐渐降低至1200mg·L-1.粘性膨胀污泥分泌的EPS水平超过正常污泥,即使在正常DO浓度(2.0mg·L-1)和常温(20℃)条件下,粘性膨胀污泥也较难通过人为控制恢复到正常状态.最后,分析得出粘性膨胀的原因主要是温度突变,并提出相应的预防措施.     

Effects of chronic exposure to nonylphenol on locomotor activity and social behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Nonylphenol(NP),a xenoestrogen ubiquitously found in aquatic ecosystems,is of high environmental concern.The present work assessed the effects of exposure to NP on locomotor activity and social behavior in male and female zebrafish(Danio rerio),to evaluate the possible hazard of NP to fish behavior and to pursue a potential biomarker of NP contamination.Fish were randomly divided into six groups.Five groups were receiving 0.1,1,10,50 and 100 μg/L nominal concentrations of NP for 60 days,respectively.A sixth control group was given the same treatment as the other five groups,but no NP.Locomotor activity,aggressive behavior,group preference and leaving shoal were examined.NP exposure showed marked influence on locomotor activity of the male zebrafish,whereas that of the female was not significantly affected by NP.Aggressive behavior and group preference were significantly affected by NP exposure in both male and female groups.Locomotor activity and aggressive behavior of the male and group preference of both male and female zebrafish were clearly inhibited at 100 μg/L NP.No significant alteration in leaving shoal was observed under NP exposure.The results suggested that changes in locomotor activity and aggressive behavior of the male and group preference of both male and female may be used as an ecologically relevant integrative biomarker of NP contamination.     

Role of nitric oxide in the genotoxic response to chronic microcystin-LR exposure in human-hamster hybrid cells

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most abundant and toxic microcystin congener and has been classified as a potential human carcinogen (Group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the genotoxic effects of MC-LR during chronic exposure are still poorly understood. In the present study, human-hamster hybrid (A_L) cells were exposed to MC-LR for varying lengths of time to investigate the role of nitrogen radicals in MC-LR-induced genotoxicity. The mutagenic potential at the CD59 locus was more than 2-fold higher (p < 0.01) in A_L cells exposed to a cytotoxic concentration (1 μmol/L) of MC-LR for 30 days than in untreated control cells, which was consistent with the formation of micronucleus. MC-LR caused a dose-dependent increase in nitric oxide (NO) production in treated cells. Moreover, this was blocked by concurrent treatment with the NO synthase inhibitor N^G-methyl-_L-arginine (L-NMMA), which suppressed MC-LRinduced mutations as well. The survival of mitochondrial DNA-depleted (ρ⁰) A_L cells was markedly decreased by MC-LR treatment compared to that in A_L cells, while the CD59 mutant fraction was unaltered. These results provided clear evidence that the genotoxicity associated with chronic MC-LR exposure in mammalian cells was mediated by NO and might be considered as a basis for the development of therapeutics that prevent carcinogenesis.     

北京市城乡环境梯度下街尘中重金属污染特征

街尘是引起城镇面源污染分布最为广泛、最重要的污染物载体.以城乡环境梯度为出发点,以北京地区的中心城区-城中村-郊区区县-乡镇-农村村庄的街尘为研究对象,并对街尘的粒径进行分级,分析城乡环境梯度下街尘的单位面积质量、粒径组成的分异规律和街尘的重金属含量及赋存形态,揭示城乡环境梯度对街尘及其负载的中重金属污染的影响和街尘中重金属污染的粒径效应,以期为我国城市化进程中街尘的源头控制和分层次管理提供科学依据.结果表明,街尘中Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn这5种重金属浓度以中心城区最高,农村村庄最低,单位面积街尘量则相反.街尘中Ni、Pb、Zn的弱酸可提取态比例较高(19.1%、11.1%、34.8%),Cr和Cu则相对较低(3.7%、2.1%).粒径<105μm街尘对重金属总量的贡献率(32.4%～62.4%)要大于其所占总质量比例(22.9%～49.6%).对重金属污染在不同城乡环境梯度可采取不同的控制策略:中心城区和郊区区县可加强细粒径冲刷的关注,而农村村庄和城中村则需加强环境卫生管理与改善道路清扫方式和频率.     

岩溶生态系统中的碳循环特征与碳汇效应

碳酸盐岩是岩溶生态系统的物质基础,而碳酸盐岩的形成过程对大气CO2浓度的降低产生重要的作用,目前地球上99.5%的碳被封存在碳酸盐岩中;岩溶生态系统具有富钙、偏碱性的地球化学背景,制约其碳循环特征:碳酸盐岩是在清洁海洋环境中、以生物化学沉积为特征形成的沉积岩,其酸不溶物含量低,通常小于10%,意味着岩溶区土壤资源短缺,土壤总碳库量偏小,同时石灰土的富钙性导致石灰土缓效性碳库和惰性碳库大,土壤碳库的稳定性提高;土壤资源短缺,植被生长发育受到养分、水分的胁迫,使植被的地上、地下生物量的比例发生变化,岩溶区植被地上/地下生物量的比例可占30%～50%,高于非岩溶区的;岩溶水中的高HCO3-浓度,刺激水生植物的光合作用,并将无机碳转化为有机碳,提高碳迁移过程中的稳定性;本文的目的是根据最近的研究成果,揭示岩溶生态系统中碳酸盐岩-土壤-植被-水中碳赋存的状态和转化过程,提出促进岩溶碳汇效应的技术途径。     

某石化企业化验岗位工人苯系物接触现状调查

为了解某石化企业化验岗位工人与苯系物接触现状,对该企业6个化验岗位进行了苯系物职业危害因素检测。结果表明：化工厂一工段油品室、乙烯化验车间、乙烯质检中心油品组苯超标严重。通过综合分析,对今后该企业化验岗位苯系物危害因素治理提出了建议。