Chitosan for direct bioflocculation of wastewater

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Coagulation/flocculation is a major phenomenon occurring during industrial and municipal water treatment to remove suspended particles. Common coagulants are metal...     

Characterization and performance of V2O5/CeO2 for NH3-SCR of NO at low temperatures

A series of CeO₂ supported V₂O₅ catalysts with various loadings were prepared with different calcination temperatures by the incipient impregnation. The catalysts were evaluated for low temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with ammonia (NH₃). The effects of O₂ and SO₂ on catalytic activity were also studied. The catalysts were characterized by specific surface areas (S_BET) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The experimental results showed that NO conversion changed significantly with the different V₂O₅ loading and calcination temperature. With the V₂O₅ loading increasing from 0 to 10 wt%, NO conversion increased significantly, but decreased at higher loading. The optimum calcination temperature was 400°C. The best catalyst yielded above 80% NO conversion in the reaction temperature range of 160°C–300°C. The formation of CeVO₄ on the surface of catalysts caused the decrease of redox ability.     

CeCl3/活性炭纤维去除模拟烟气中单质汞的实验研究

运用等量浸渍法制备了一系列CeCl3/ACF去除剂,研究了不同负载量、不同温度和不同烟气成分对其脱汞效果的影响,并采用BET和XRD 等手段对去除剂的理化性质进行了表征.结果表明,负载CeCl3后显著改善了活性碳纤维的脱汞能力,在本实验条件下,CeCl3的最佳负载量为5%(质量分数);当反应温度低于140°C时,去除剂的脱汞效率随着温度的升高而升高,当反应温度超过140°C后,去除效率随温度的升高而下降; 通过考察NO、SO2和水蒸气对ACF脱汞效果的影响发现,NO对单质汞脱除具有一定的促进作用,不同浓度的NO与单质汞的脱除效率之间存在正相关关系;SO2对单质汞的脱除具有抑制作用,且脱除效率随着SO2浓度的增加而下降;水蒸气对单质汞的脱除具有阻碍作用.     

南京地区水稻田N素径流流失模拟模型

针对稻作水肥管理特点,建立了降雨-径流-N素流失模拟模型,根据实测与文献资料确定模型主要参数,并输入1951至2006年56a逐日降水资料运用自编程序进行计算机模拟运算,以分析南京地区降雨量与水田径流量及径流N流失量的关系.结果发现,除了降雨量和径流量影响径流N量以外,施肥日期及其与较强径流出现的时间间隔也对径流N量有很大影响.进一步分析表明,施肥后7d是降低水稻生长期径流N量的关键时期,6月中旬栽插有利于减少径流N的产生.     

PAC-MBR组合工艺处理城市污水

采用PAC-MBR组合工艺处理城市污水,考察了该工艺对COD、NH4+-N和浊度的去除效果,试验结果表明,在水温>26℃、DO>4.5mg/L及pH为6～9的条件下,组合工艺对COD、NH4+-N和浊度的去除效果较好,平均去除率分别达到88%、98%和98%以上,高于单独MBR工艺和常规工艺。出水COD约为22mg/L,NH4+-N<1mg/L,浊度<1NTU,水质优于中国建设部生活杂用水水质标准(CJ25.1-89)。已污染的膜可通过水反冲洗、水-酸洗、水-碱洗使膜通量恢复至新膜的43%、81%、89%。     

铈及其配合物对水体富营养化的影响

在静态水体富营养化状态下,分别添加不同浓度的Ce3 溶液和不同浓度的Ce3 -EDTA配合物溶液,在相同自然条件下进行培养,研究其对水体富营养化状态下藻类生长的影响.结果表明:添加浓度为1.00 mg·l-1的Ce3 和Ce3 -EDTA配合物对水体富营养化和藻类生长有抑制作用,添加浓度为0.25mg·l-1和0.50mg·l-1的Ce3 和Ce3 -EDTA配合物对水体富营养化和藻类生长有促进的作用,其中添加浓度为0.50mg·l-1的Ce3 和Ce3 -EDTA配合物溶液的促进作用更明显.相同浓度的Ce3 和Ce3 -EDTA配合物溶液相比,Ce3 -EDTA配合物溶液的作用相对弱一些,即添加EDTA可抑制稀土元素对藻类生长的作用.     

The effects of male–male contests and female eavesdropping on female mate choice and male mating success in the jumping spider, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thiania bhamoensis</Emphasis> (Araneae: Salticidae)

In experiments that comprised of three phases (fight, choice, and mating) under “seen” and “unseen” conditions, we examined the effects of the outcomes of male–male contests and female eavesdropping on female mate choice and male mating success in the fighting spider, Thiania bhamoensis (Salticidae). The results revealed female eavesdropping on agonistic interactions. Females that had watched an aggressive interaction showed no distinctive preference for the winner over the loser, but they preferred the loser when they had not observed a fight. Winners, however, achieved a greater mating success than did losers during the mating phase. Gaining access to females was based on the insistence of the winners in courtship in terms of the number of quivers, rather than on the fighting behavior of the males. Hence, the outcome of male–male contests may not be an important determinant of a male’s mating success in T. bhamoensis. Instead, courtship display plays an important role in determining the success of male mating in this species. This study also suggests that female mate preference may not be a good indicator of eventual female mate choice and male mating success. Thus, a causal relationship between female mate preference and male mating success cannot be inferred. Joanna P. Y. Chan, Pei Rong Lau, and Ai Jie Tham contributed equally.     

溶液中多种金属离子共存对毛木耳生物吸附能力的影响

用毛木耳(Auricularia polytricha)菌丝体的死细胞作为生物吸附剂吸附溶液中的Cd 2+、Cu 2+和Pb 2+.用原子吸收分光光度计测定吸附前后溶液金属离子的变化,研究了溶液中两种离子共存对毛木耳吸附能力的影响.结果表明:溶液中Pb2+的存在抑制了毛木耳对Cd2+的吸附,是负向干扰;Cd2+的存在促进了毛木耳对pb2+的吸附,是正向干扰;Cu2+的存在促进了毛木耳对pb2+的吸附,是正向干扰;Pb2+的存在抑制了毛木耳对Cu2+的吸附,是负向干扰;Cd2+对Cu2+的影响作用不如Cu2+对Cd2+的影响明显.实验结果为毛木耳作为重金属污染废水的处理材料提供理论依据.     

镉胁迫对脊尾白虾的毒性效应研究

为揭示重金属镉对脊尾白虾的毒性效应,采用急性毒性实验方法,研究了不同浓度镉(Cd~(2+))对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)血清氧化应激相关生理指标的活性以及肌肉组织中腺苷酸转移酶基因(ANT)和热激蛋白70基因(HSC70)表达水平的影响。共设置4个Cd2+浓度胁迫(0、0.0002、0.001、0.005 mmol·L~(-1)),分别在0、3、6、9、12、24、36、48、72和96 h共10个时间点对相关指标进行测定。结果显示:不同浓度镉胁迫下,脊尾白虾血清中H_2O_2含量、MDA含量和GSH含量均表现为先升高后降低的趋势,H2O2含量在胁迫3 h时即出现明显的升高,而MDA和GSH则均在9 h时出现升高趋势,表现为一定的滞后性。H2O2含量在0.005 mmol·L~(-1)胁迫3 h时出现峰值,MDA含量在0.005 mmol·L~(-1)胁迫9 h时出现峰值,GSH含量在0.001mmol·L~(-1)胁迫48 h时出现峰值,且均与对照组存在显著性差异(P0.05)。HSC70基因的表达量在不同浓度胁迫下均表现为先升高后降低的趋势,且均在24 h时达到峰值,具体表达量水平的顺序为:0.0002 mmol·L~(-1)0.001 mmol·L~(-1)0.005 mmol·L~(-1)。ANT基因的表达量在不同浓度下则均表现为明显的下调趋势。由此可见,急性Cd~(2+)胁迫不仅影响脊尾白虾的氧化应激相关生理指标,还影响机体内组成型HSC70及与能量传递有关的ANT基因的表达水平。     

云浮硫铁矿区土壤剖面的磁学性质研究

广泛分布的硫铁矿在开采利用过程中可通过多种途径对矿区及周边环境产生严重影响,污染物产生的机制和迁移途径等成为学术界关注的焦点。近年来,环境磁学以其快速、经济、无损等优点被广泛应用于环境污染、物源分析等研究领域。本文对云浮硫铁矿矿区附近一个菜地土壤剖面进行详细的磁学测试,得到低频磁化率、频率磁化率、非磁滞剩磁磁化率、饱和等温剩磁及S比值等一系列磁学指标结果,并分析这些指标的剖面变化特征及指标间的相关关系,探讨影响土壤剖面磁学性质变化的主要因素,结果表明：低频磁化率、非磁滞剩磁磁化率和饱和等温剩磁在剖面底部（30 cm以下）基本稳定并且其值保持在较低的水平,其平均值分别为5.32×10-8m3·kg-1、13.70×10-8m3·kg-1和3.66×10-3Am2·kg-1;上述指标在表层30 cm的平均值分别为32.97×10-8m3·kg-1、86.21×10-8m3·kg-1和5.39×10-3Am2·kg-1,土壤剖面30 cm以上部分土壤明显受外来细颗粒磁性矿物的影响,磁性被显著增强。不同深度土壤中磁性矿物种类存在明显区别,剖面中部的高SIRM/χ值（70～100 kA·m-1）指示有胶黄铁矿等铁硫化物的存在。磁学参数之间的相关分析发现,剖面土壤中的铁硫化物及其中的单畴磁性颗粒是影响土壤磁学性质的主要因素。由于磁性矿物可通过吸附、共沉积、晶格置换等多种形式使多种重金属在土壤中富集,较大范围、多手段针对多种环境介质的磁学深入研究有望为硫铁矿周边重金属污染的产生机制和迁移路径研究开拓新途径。