乐山市茫溪河流域水环境污染及防治对策

介绍了四川省乐山市茫溪河流域的概况,对该流域水环境污染现状进行分析和评价,同时在对流域污染源调查的基础上得出流域的主要污染为城镇生活污染源.计算了茫溪河的水环境容量,并据此提出水污染总量控制方案.并根据茫溪河流域污染源的实际情况,针对城镇生活污染源、面源和工业污染源的不同特点提出具体的防治对策.     

国家海洋生态环境保护“十四五”战略路线图分析

2018年,国家海洋生态环境管理体制重组,为系统推进海洋生态环境质量改善奠定了基础。本文基于美丽中国建设的战略目标,在分析海洋生态环境保护现状、问题以及形势的基础上,提出坚持陆海统筹、区域联动、分区防控和精准治理的原则,建议协同推进"污染防治、生态修复、风险防范、能力建设、国际合作"五大领域任务,重点建设"法律规范、空间管控、标准规范、目标责任、许可管理"五大体系,最终实现"十四五"国家海洋生态环境保护目标。     

Differences in rheological and fractal properties of conditioned and raw sewage sludge

Rheological tests for raw and conditioned activated sludge(AS) or anaerobic digested sludge(ADS) show that power-law relationships can be used to describe the evolution of several rheological parameters,i.e.,limiting viscosity(η∞),yield stress(τy),cohesion energy of the sludge network(Ec),and storage modulus(G’),with total suspended solid(TSS) content in raw and conditioned sludge.A gel-like structure that behaves similar to weak-link flocs/aggregates was observed in AS and ADS.As derived from the double-logarithmic plots of G’-TSS content,the mass fractal dimensions of the raw and conditioned AS or ADS flocs/aggregates were 2.70 and 2.53 or 2.85 and 2.79,respectively.The rheological tests also indicate that both polymer conditioning and increased TSS content led to improved elastic behavior,cohesion energy,and yield stress of the sludge network,as well as expanded the corresponding linear viscoelastic range.The porosity of AS or ADS flocs/aggregates will be improved by polymer conditioning.     

ClO2消毒工艺对污水处理厂出水超级耐药基因的影响

为了研究二氧化氯（chlorine dioxide,ClO₂）消毒工艺对污水处理厂出水中超级耐药基因（super antibiotic resistance genes,SARGs）的去除效果,对污水处理厂出水消毒前后的水样进行了全年采集,并采用微孔滤膜正压过滤法及核酸吸附柱-洗脱法分别富集水中细菌和胞外核酸后,利用荧光定量PCR技术对其中的9种SARGs进行定量检测.结果表明,无论是胞内还是胞外核酸,均有NDM-1、MCR-1 和MEC-A被检测出;同时,ClO₂消毒后上述3种SARGs的胞内相对总浓度明显上升（P<0.05）,且ClO₂消毒对胞内SARGs相对浓度的影响与季节有关,其中春季、夏季和秋季均发生上升,且春季升高最为明显,达2倍,而冬季出水在消毒前后均未测出胞内SARGs;胞外SARGs则在ClO₂消毒前后没有明显浓度变化.因此,ClO₂消毒不能有效去除污水处理厂出水中胞内和胞外SARGs污染.     

Evaluation of mercury speciation and removal through air pollution control devices of a 190 MW boiler

Air pollution control devices (APCDs) are installed at coal-fired power plants for air pollutant regulation. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems have the co-benefits of air pollutant and mercury removal. Configuration and operational conditions of APCDs and mercury speciation a ect mercury removal e ciently at coal-fired utilities. The Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to determine mercury speciation simultaneously at five sampling locations through SCR-ESP-FGD at a 190 MW unit. Chlorine in coal had been suggested as a factor a ecting the mercury speciation in flue gas; and low-chlorine coal was purported to produce less oxidized mercury (Hg2+) and more elemental mercury (Hg0) at the SCR inlet compared to higher chlorine coal. SCR could oxidize elemental mercury into oxidized mercury when SCR was in service, and oxidation e ciency reached 71.0%. Therefore, oxidized mercury removal e ciency was enhanced through a wet FGD system. In the non-ozone season, about 89.5%–96.8% of oxidized mercury was controlled, but only 54.9%–68.8% of the total mercury was captured through wet FGD. Oxidized mercury removal e ciency was 95.9%–98.0%, and there was a big di erence in the total mercury removal e ciencies from 78.0% to 90.2% in the ozone season. Mercury mass balance was evaluated to validate reliability of OHM testing data, and the ratio of mercury input in the coal to mercury output at the stack was from 0.84 to 1.08.     

氮和氧同位素示踪伊洛河河水硝酸盐来源及转化过程

河流硝酸盐(NO^-₃)浓度及氮和氧同位素组成(δ¹⁵N-NO^-₃和δ¹⁸O-NO^-₃)可以辨识河水NO^-₃受自然过程和人为输入的影响,但流域不同土地利用方式对河水NO^-₃来源及转化过程的影响尚不明确,特别是山区人为输入对河水NO^-₃的影响仍不清楚.选择土地利用空间异质性显著的伊河和洛河作为研究对象,借助水体水化学组成,氢氧同位素(δD-H₂O和δ¹⁸O-H₂O)、δ¹⁵N-NO^-₃和δ¹⁸O-NO^-₃,辨识不同土地利用方式影响下河水NO^-₃来源及...     

家用空调碳足迹及其关键影响因素分析

我国居民家庭空调拥有量迅速增加,其生命周期中产生的温室效应也日益受到关注.本文依据国际标准PAS 2050,采用RCEES 2012和Ecoinvent 2.1数据库,并运用SimaPro 7.1软件计算了中国典型家用空调的碳足迹.主要结论为:家用空调生命周期中使用阶段用电产生的碳足迹最大,占67%;制冷剂的泄漏是除电力使用外第二大碳足迹贡献因素,产生了23%的碳足迹;生产制造阶段和废物处理阶段的碳足迹分别占16%和-6%.敏感性分析表明,空调日使用时间、空调年使用季节和制冷剂的泄漏比例是家用空调碳足迹的关键影响因素.     

某装置海洋环境下腐蚀失效分析及控制措施研究

目的 解决采用ZL205A制造的某装置在海洋环境下的腐蚀失效问题.方法 分析装置所处的海洋浪花飞溅区的使用环境,对腐蚀原因与机理进行深入查找、研究.针对腐蚀原因,制定针对性的腐蚀控制措施,并通过试验予以验证.结果 装置腐蚀失效的主要原因为在海洋高盐、高湿的使用环境下,防腐蚀设计不足,防腐措施不到位,产生了电偶腐蚀、缝隙...     

纳米零价铁的制备及其去除水中对氯硝基苯的研究

通过FeSO4与KBH4反应,利用液相还原法制备纳米零价铁颗粒(NZVI),用XRD、SEM和BET对其性能进行表征。在常温常压下利用纳米铁还原废水中的对氯硝基苯(p-CNB),探讨了反应条件对还原率的影响。结果表明,制备过程中碱性物质(NaOH)的添加可以明显减小颗粒粒径,增大比表面积,提高纳米铁还原反应的效率。NZVI对于对氯硝基苯有很好的去除效果,NZVI用量、p-CNB初始浓度和pH值均对其去除效率产生影响。在纳米铁投加量为1 g/L,pH=2的条件下,添加NaOH的纳米铁能在120 min内将质量浓度为50 mg/L的对氯硝基苯基本完全降解,降解率为98.8%。此外,还对NZVI还原对氯硝基苯的机理进行了初步探讨。     

Microbial reduction of uranium (VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2: A macroscopic and spectroscopic study

The microbial reduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2, isolated from soil in Southwest China, was explored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Our studies indicated that approximately 16.0% of U(VI) at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L uranium nitrate could be reduced by Bacillus sp. dwc-2 at pH 8.2 under anaerobic conditions at room temperature. Additionally, natural organic matter (NOM) played an important role in enhancing the bioreduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2. XPS results demonstrated that the uranium presented mixed valence states (U(VI) and U(IV)) after bioreduction, which was subsequently confirmed by XANES. Furthermore, the TEM and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis suggested that the reduced uranium was bioaccumulated mainly within the cell and as a crystalline structure on the cell wall. These observations implied that the reduction of uranium may have a significant effect on its fate in the soil environment in which these bacterial strains occur.