Environmental effect of vegetation restoration on degraded ecosystem in low subtropical China

The environmental effect of degraded ecosystem‘ s vegetation restoration in low subtropical China was studied. Results indicated that the vegetation recovery on degraded lands slgnificantly ameliorates surrounding environment, increases species diversity, improves soil structure, raises soil fertility, enhances productivity, and promotes regional agricultural production and social economic development dramatically. Through the combining engineering and biological measures, the restoration of degraded ecosystem in low subtropical area is possible and economical. The restoration experience in Xiaoliang, Wnhua and other sites are valuable for other degraded subtropical area was introduced.     

Influence of nonionic surfactant on the solubilization and biodegradation of phenanthrene

Phenanthrene was solubilized in two different nonionic surfactants, Tween80 and Triton X-100. The bioavailability of phenanthrane to the bacteria isolated from the petroleum contaminated soils was studied based on the rotary flasks experiments. The results showed that the concentration of nonionic surfactants above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) can increase the solubility of phenanthrene in water andwere innoxious to the phenanthrene-degrading bacteria; phenanthrene solubilized in the micelles of Tween80 was bioavailable and biodegradable. The research demonstrated the potential of surfactant-enhanced bioremediation of soils contaminated by hydrophobic organic comoounds( HOCs).     

基于力-热双应力加速试验的橡胶减振结构寿命预测研究

目的 针对橡胶减振结构寿命试验时间较长,寿命预测困难的问题,建立了力-热双应力情况下的橡胶减振结构加速试验方法,并给出寿命预测模型.方法 首先,分析影响橡胶减振结构寿命的主要因素,建立典型橡胶减振结构的双应力加速试验方法,并开展加速退化试验.基于加速退化试验获得的试验数据,采用广义艾林模型作为双应力加速模型,Weibull分布作为寿命模型,建立了减振结构的双应力加速退化试验数据的分析方法.结果 预测了使用温度为25℃,压缩率为5％情况下,在给定可靠度0.9987时,减振结构贮存寿命约为9 a.结论 所建立的方法能够较好地预测减振结构的使用寿命.     

春小麦生产潜力与持续发展——以宁夏南部山区为例

本文以宁夏南部山区为例,通过对ＡＥＺ等模型中的若干参数进行修正,计算了春小麦的光温生产潜力ｙ（Ｑ,Ｔ）和气候生产潜力ｙ（Ｑ,Ｔ,Ｗ）以及需水量Ｅｍ和缺水量Ｅｌ。结果表明：ｙ（Ｑ,Ｔ）为６．８５～８．０６ｔ／ｈｍ^２,ｙ（Ｑ,Ｔ,Ｗ）为２．２２～５．３２ｔ／ｈｍ^２；Ｅｍ为３４０～４５０ｍｍ,Ｅｌ为７０～３００ｍｍ,尤其在拔节期和孕穗期缺水现象十分严重；上述结果经检验都符合当地的实际情况。提出了当地要发展集水灌溉使天然降水资源化、扩大基本农田面积和以肥促水提高水分利用系数等持续发展措施。     

汽车尾气对动物的生物学效应研究

采用动物气管内注入粒物与吸入不同稀释度的汽车尾气等染毒方法，研究其生物效应。结果显示，动物受试后，大鼠肺灌洗液乳酸脱氢酶活性增加，酸性磷酸酶，碱性磷酸酶性和白蛋白含量明显升高，肺巨噬细胞减少，而大鼠血液中ＣＯＨｂ显著增加，小鼠骨髓细胞微核率在中浓度组亦显著增加，３者增呈现良好的测量一反应关系。试验说明，汽车尾气气体部分和颗粒物的毒性作用高于柴油车。     

城市发展对室内外气温影响初探

本文以昆明市为研究对象。昆明地区受全球气候变暖影响年平均气温约升高 0 4 7℃ /a ;由于城市面积扩大导致昆明的室内外气温均升高 ,城市增温效应在 1 -4月较大 ,5-1 2月较小 ;在相同月份 ,平均室内气温的增温率均大于平均气温 ;城市增温效应与城市建成区面积、城市人口均有较好地相关关系。城市建成区面积增加对平均气温的影响较大 ;而城市人口增加对平均室内气温的影响较大。     

外源稀土微肥对土壤氮磷养分的影响

通过小区试验和盆栽试验，研究了施加不同的浓度稀土微肥对土壤中有效氮、有效磷浓度以及土壤脲酶活性的影响。结果表明，施加高浓度稀土微肥将会影响土壤中有效氮和有效磷的浓度。在分析与之相关的土壤酶活性时发现，施加低浓度的稀土微肥（≤１ｍｇ／ｋｇ）促进土壤脲酶活性并增加土壤有效氮浓度，而施加高浓度稀土微肥（≥５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）则明显的抑制土壤脲酶活性并减少土壤有效氮浓度；施加稀土元素浓度与土壤有效磷浓度之间有较     

Alternating shortcut nitrification-denitrification for nitrogen removal from soybean wastewater by SBR with real-time control

A novel treating technology for nitrogen removal from soybean wastewater was studied. The process for nitrogen removal was achieved by alternating aeration and mixing, combined with real-time control strategies.Results showed that the COD and total nitrogen removal rates are more than 90% and 92% at COD and total nitrogen loads of 1.0- 1.2 kg COD/(kgMLSS. d) and 0.20- 0.27 kg TN/(kgMLSS. d), respectively. In addition, it could improve sludge settling property. SVl value is less than 70 g/ml during the whole cycles. The method not only may be adapted to treat soybean wastewater with high nitrogen, but also may be applied to treat other high nitrogen wastewater.     

多氯联苯标准样品的研制

制备了Aroclor1242,1248,1254和1260四种多氯苯标准样品，利用DB－1毛细管柱气相色谱／电子捕获检测器对样品进行了分析，根据相对保留时间确定了所分离的同系物及其百分含量。检验了各样品的均匀性和稳定性，并对样品进行了定值，计算了不确定值。国际比对结果良好。该PCBs标准样品可应用于PCBs的环境监测、污染控制、质量保证、质量控制和仪器校准等。     

包含详细微物理过程的一维辐射雾模式

本文建立一个包含详细微物理过程的一维雾模式.模式包括动量方程、热量方程、水汽方程、雾滴凝结增长方程和浓度变化方程等.大气长波辐射采用Roach的五波段模式,微物理过程采用分档技术.试验结果表明,该模式可用于辐射雾的研究.