日本“3·11”大地震对石化行业的启示

简要分析了日本“3·11”大地震后发生的2起炼油厂火灾事故,对日本在地震中的一些经验教训进行了总结,根据本次及近几年地震对石化企业的破坏情况,分析了地震中石化装置的薄弱环节,并提出对石化行业的启示。     

后疫情时期全国碳市场政策对经济和排放的影响

新冠肺炎疫情暴发一年多以来,国际国内形势仍面临极大不确定性。疫情显著降低了短期排放水平,但是经济恢复政策和疫情发展形势的不确定使得对未来经济发展和碳排放的判断变得复杂,碳排放是否会反弹对实现《巴黎协定》目标造成挑战,已经投入运行的全国碳市场能多大程度发挥政策效果等问题值得关注。本文首先定量评估了疫情对经济和环境的短期和长期的影响,基于此分析疫情后全国碳市场政策的实施效果。结果显示:疫情造成中国经济活动以及碳排放短期显著下降,2020年中国全年的GDP增长较基准情景下降3.84%,能源消费和碳排放分别较基准情景下降4.47%和5.12%。但是,接下来的十年内,GDP会逐渐恢复至基准情景,累计碳排放较基准情景增加0.06%。在没有其他气候政策干预的情况下,疫情带来的短期减排效应不足以保障中国各项气候目标的实现,落实碳市场政策十分必要。疫情之后启动全国碳市场,可以促进投资、减少能源使用和碳排放,到2030年,能源消费将下降7.44%,碳排放下降10.49%,碳价为229.73元/t。国外疫情若在2021年还不能得到控制,将会继续影响中国的对外贸易,使得中国GDP损失略有提高,但不会改变国内疫情之后经济恢复的大趋势。     

车载环境γ能谱测量系统探测器设计及性能研究

车载环境γ能谱测量系统探测器是环境γ能谱测量技术领域研究热点.为提高探测效率,缩短测量时间,针对车载环境γ能谱测量系统设计了双Nal(T1)晶体探测器,并测试了探测器主要性能指标.研究表明,探测器能量分辨率为6.73％,计数稳定性优于4.2％,可识别238U、232Th、40K等核素,可清晰分辨152Eu各能量峰,温度...     

Profiling of microbial communities in a bioreactor for treating hydrocarbon-sulfide-containing wastewater

A technology of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE)was used to profile the structure and dynamic changes of microbial communities in a bioreactor for treating hydrocarbon-sulfide-containing(HSC)wastewater.The results showed that the heterotrophic genus of Acinetobacter and the autotrophic genera of Thiobacillus and Thiomonas could survive well in all of three operating conditions.Some special genera were also observed with changes of micro-ecoenvironment in the rea...     

西藏地区气候特点及其对储存弹药的影响

研究了西藏地区的气候特点,与内地气候相比,认为其低温低湿和气温日较差大的特点会对弹药储存带来不利影响,在弹药管理中需要考虑这些特点的影响,为制定科学合理的管理措施打下基础.     

Cu2+对以NO2-为电子受体反硝化过程的影响

短程生物脱氮工艺在废水处理中已经得到较为广泛的应用,其反硝化过程是实现氮去除的关键步骤,而关于废水中常见重金属离子Cu~(2+)对以NO2-为电子受体反硝化过程的影响尚无系统研究.选取A/O反应器内具有良好短程生物脱氮特性的污泥,通过批次试验及SBR长期试验分别探究了Cu~(2+)对以NO2-为电子受体反硝化过程的短期及长期影响.短期试验结果表明,Cu~(2+)对以NO2-为电子受体反硝化过程具有明显抑制作用,对污泥反硝化活性的半抑制浓度EC50为4. 79 mg·L-1.在长期影响试验中逐渐提高污泥对Cu~(2+)的耐受浓度,当Cu~(2+)浓度为0. 5 mg·L-1和1 mg·L-1时,污泥反硝化活性降低后均能够通过驯化恢复至原有水平;而Cu~(2+)浓度升高至3 mg·L-1后污泥反硝化性能遭到破坏且难以恢复,NO_2~--N去除率降低至10%以下,反硝化系统遭到严重抑制.但是,停止投加Cu~(2+)后污泥反硝化活性在第14 d恢复至原有水平.同时,在Cu~(2+)的长期影响过程中,EPS含量增多,对微生物抵御Cu~(2+)的毒害起到重要保护作用,促使污泥粒径增大,污泥沉降性得到提高.     

聚噻吩改性阴极强化电极生物膜反应器去除硝酸盐机制研究

为进一步提高电极生物膜反应器的脱氮效能,采用导电聚合物聚噻吩(PTh)和电子穿梭体蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸二钠(AQDS)改性阴极材料石墨毡,系统研究了不同碳氮比(C/N)条件下,改性电极的应用对BER体系的脱氮效能、电极表面生物相和体系微生物群落结构等方面的影响.结果表明,应用PTh与AQDS协同处理石墨毡的BER体系的NO~-_3-N去除速率和效能均明显优于未处理电极体系,在HRT=4 h、C/N为2.0时NO~-_3-N的去除率达到90.0%以上.PTh/AQDS改性石墨毡电极的生物膜与电极的比重为0.26±0.04,其值为对照组的2.4倍,证明了PTh/AQDS改性后电极具有更优的生物相容性.应用PTh/AQDS改性电极的BER具有更好的微生物丰富度和多样性,AQDS促进了特定微生物Thauera_mechernichensis(24.6%)的富集和亚硝酸盐还原酶的活性,保障了BER体系的反硝化效能.     

Temporal variability of visibility and its parameterizations in Ningbo, China

Simultaneous and continuous measurements of visibility, meteorological parameters and air pollutants were carried out at a suburban site in Ningbo from June 1, 2013 to May 31,2015. The characteristics of visibility and their relationships with air pollutants and meteorological factors were investigated using multiple statistical methods. Daily visibility ranged from 0.6 to 34.1 km, with a mean value of 11.8 km. During the 2-year experiment,43.4% of daily visibility was found to be less than 10.0 km and only 9.2% was greater than 20.0 km. Visibility was lower in winter with a frequency of 53.4% in the range of 0.0–5.0 km.Annual visibility had an obvious diurnal variation, with the lowest and highest visibility being 7.5 km at approximately 06:00 local time and 15.6 km at approximately 14:00 local time, respectively. Multiple correspondence analysis(MCA) indicated that the different ranges of visibility were significantly affected by different levels of pollutants and meteorological conditions. Based on the analyses, visibility was found to be an exponential function of PM_(2.5) concentrations within a certain range of relative humidity. Thus, nonlinear models combining multiple linear regressions with exponential regression were subsequently developed using the data collected from June 2014 to May 2015, and the data from June 2013 to May 2014 was used to evaluate the performance of the model. It was demonstrated that the derived models can quantitatively describe the relationships between visibility, air quality and meteorological parameters in Ningbo.     

嗜盐高效降酚菌株Halomonas sp.H17的筛选及降解苯酚特性

从巴丹吉林沙漠盐湖沉积物中分离获得1株在高盐环境下高效降解苯酚菌H17.分析了H17生理生化特性、16S rDNA基因序列、苯酚降解特性及动力学,结果表明,H17属于盐单胞菌属(Halomonas sp.),能在0～20%的盐度下有效降解苯酚,每升外加适量的碳源(葡萄糖浓度0.8 g)和复合氮源(KNO_3 1 g、NH_4Cl 5 g、酵母提取物0.2 g和胰蛋白胨0.2 g)能够促进H17的生长及降解苯酚能力.在温度为30℃、pH 7～8、盐度5～10%的条件下,H17均能高效降解苯酚,最高降解率可达到88.5%.该菌株降解苯酚动力学符合Halane模型,经拟合其生长参数为μ_(max)=0.31 h~(-1),K_S=191.63 mg·L~(-1),K_i=683.05 mg·L~(-1).研究显示H17具有在高盐环境下降解和耐受苯酚的能力,同时对环境有较强的适应性,体现出其在高盐含酚废水实际处理中具有良好的应用价值.