Molecular and physiological characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in relation to uropathogenicity among Escherichia coli isolates isolated from Wenyu River, China

Increasing antibacterial resistance and pathogenicity in the environment is of growing concern due to its potential human risk. In the present study, 236 Escherichia coli isolates were collected from Wenyu River in China on drugless (48 isolates) and quinolone-containing plates (189 isolates). Their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined ranging from 0.125 μg mL⁻¹ to 128 μg mL⁻¹. Mutation points related to fluoroquinolone resistance were observed at S83 to L and D87 to N or Y in the GyrA subunit and S80 to R or I and E84 to G in the ParC subunit. Generally, MICs of LEV and GAT are dependent on the patterns of these mutation points. The profile with three mutation points was related to LEV-resistant E. coli isolates, and the (S83L, D87N + S80I) mutation profile was most prevalent (65.7%) in LEV-resistant isolates, while a large proportion of isolates, even those with three mutation points, were susceptive to GAT. The incidence of virulence factors in LEV-resistant isolates (44.7%, 59/132) was much higher than in nonresistant isolates (23.1%, 24/104) (χ² = 11.925, 1° of freedom, p < 0.001) indicating that fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli would pose a potential risk. A similar distribution was also found in isolates resistant to GAT (χ² = 7.843, 1° of freedom, p = 0.0079).     

甲基氯硅烷生产废液制备氯化氢和有机硅树脂

研究了将高、低沸点甲基氯硅烷生产废液分别通过醇解和水解反应制备HCl和有机硅树脂的工艺方法,考察了醇解时间、醇解温度和m(废液)∶m(甲醇)等因素对产物收率的影响.实验得到最佳反应条件为:m(废液)∶m(甲醇)=1∶0.5,醇解温度65℃,醇解时间2h.在该条件下由高、低沸点废液制得的有机硅树脂收率分别为43.2％和40.6％.将制得的有机硅树脂经500℃干燥处理后,可作为填料,制备有机硅树脂-聚氯乙烯复合材料.该材料的力学性能与SiO2 -聚氯乙烯复合材料接近.     

Glyphosate application increased catabolic activity of gram-negative bacteria but impaired soil fungal community

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Glyphosate is a non-selective organophosphate herbicide that is widely used in agriculture, but its effects on soil microbial communities are highly...     

Simultaneous adsorption and immobilization of As and Cd by birnessite-loaded biochar in water and soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A novel biochar was prepared by loading birnessite to improve its capability to simultaneously adsorb As(III), As(V), and Cd(II) in water and soil....     

SBR法降解有机物规律的研究

本研究是以处理啤酒废水的试验为基础展开的。试验结果进一步验证了SBR法具有简易,快速、低耗等优点。除此之外,还得出以下结论:增加间歇反应时起始污泥浓度可以提高处理效率或减少反应时间;非限制曝气方式耐冲击负荷,需氧均匀,能缩短反应周期;间歇反应中微生物细胞的合成代谢占主导地位,对氮与磷的需要量大于传统的理论值。本文还指出SBR法是很适合我国国情的一种废水处理工艺,应当加强对它的研究和推广应用。     

Pyrolysis behavior of tire-derived fuels at different temperatures and heating rates

Pyrolytic product distribution rates and pyrolysis behavior of tire-derived fuels (TDF) were investigated using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) techniques. A TGA was designed and built to investigate the behavior and products of pyrolysis of typical TDF specimens. The fundamental knowledge of TGA analysis and principal fuel analysis are applied in this study. Thermogravimetry of the degradation temperature of the TDF confirms the overall decomposition rate of the volatile products during the depolymerization reaction. The principal fuel analysis (proximate and ultimate analysis) of the pyrolytic char products show the correlation of volatilization into the gas and liquid phases and the existence of fixed carbon and other compounds that remain as a solid char. The kinetic parameters were calculated using least square with minimizing sum of error square technique. The results show that the average kinetic parameters of TDF are the activation energy, E = 1322 +/- 244 kJ/mol, a pre-exponential constant of A = 2.06 +/- 3.47 x 10(10) min(-1), and a reaction order n = 1.62 +/- 0.31. The model-predicted rate equations agree with the experimental data. The overall TDF weight conversion represents the carbon weight conversion in the sample.     

农药毒死蜱的生态风险及其微生物修复技术研究进展

毒死蜱是替代甲胺磷和对硫磷等高毒农药的高效有机磷杀虫剂,在世界范围得到广泛使用.但是,环境毒理学研究发现,毒死蜱对生态环境具有潜在的危险性,甚至被认为具有干扰内分泌的功能,许多国家对毒死蜱在农产品中的残留量有严格的规定.因此,深入研究毒死蜱的生态风险问题是当务之急.对国内外关于毒死蜱的残留活性、生态毒理、降解机制以及生物修复等方面的研究进行了综述,以期对毒死蜱的合理管理和使用提供科学依据.     

秸秆固定化石油降解菌降解原油的初步研究

用秸秆做载体固定嗜碱芽孢杆菌(Bacillus alcalophilus SG)降解原油,其原油去除率为73.88%,高于单纯投加菌液或者菌液与秸秆的混合物的原油去除率.秸秆的最佳投加量(干重)为25.0 g/L,最佳固定化时间为30 h.用预处理过的秸秆固定SG,降低了固定化SG的原油去除率.在固定化培养基中添加无机盐离子,促进了固定化SG对原油的降解.不同初始pH的原油培养基在固定化SG降解原油的过程中逐渐呈中性或偏碱性.固定化SG在pH 6.0～10.0时对原油均有不错的降粘能力.     

柱生物曝气法吸附处理含铬废水

利用复合生物吸附剂FY01与活性污泥作为吸附材料,探讨了柱式生物曝气法对高浓度含铬电镀废水的生物吸附效果.研究结果表明,FY01性能稳定,耐进水pH冲击能力较强.当进水pH=2～5、流速为500 mL/h时,10 g FY01和5 g活性污泥联合处理60.4 mg/L含铬电镀废水2 h后,铬的去除率达78%以上;在4℃冰箱和23～28℃实验室保存50 d的FY01对铬的去除分别在78%～83%和77%～84%之间.柱式生物曝气吸附法对含铬废水的处理效果理想,运行稳定.串联处理2000 mL总Cr、Cu2 和COD浓度分别为60.4、4.51和48.2 mg/L的电镀废水2 h后,去除率分别高达92.1%、99.2%和71.4%.     

强化一级处理与SBR工艺处理油脂精炼加工废水

介绍了规模为200 m^3/d的油脂精炼加工废水处理工程的设计与运行.先经强化一级处理工艺预处理,再经SBR工艺处理,出水的有关指标能达到设计的排放标准,工艺运行稳定.