基于AHP-FCE模型的制药废水处理技术综合评价

制药废水由于具有水质复杂、COD高、有毒有害物浓度高、可生化性差、色度高等特点,处理十分困难。目前制药废水处理技术种类较多,且各项技术均具有各自的特点。为选择合适的制药废水处理技术,构建了制药废水处理技术评价指标体系,确定了评价标准,并采用层次分析法与模糊综合评价法相结合的评价方法(AHP-FCE)对国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(简称“水专项”)研发的13项制药废水处理技术进行了综合评价。结果表明:升流式厌氧污泥床-膜生物反应器(UASB-MBR)组合技术是制药废水处理较优的可行技术,其次为两级分离内循环厌氧反应器和复合氧反应器-好氧反应器(ABR-CASS)生物强化处理技术。研究结果可以为制药企业选择合适的废水处理技术提供支持。     

Constructing 3D magnetic flower-like Fe3O4@SiO2@Co3O4@BiOCl heterojunction photocatalyst for degrading rhodamine B

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, the 3D magnetic flower-like Fe3O4@SiO2@Co3O4@BiOCl heterojunction photocatalyst was successfully prepared. The combination of BiOCl with...     

A bibliometric and content analysis of research trends on GIS-based landslide susceptibility from 2001 to 2020

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To assess the status of hotspots and research trends on geographic information system (GIS)–based landslide susceptibility (LS), we analysed...     

有机污染场地原位热脱附工程尾水尾气的处理技术进展

污染场地原位热脱附过程不可避免地产生尾水尾气,其处理技术普遍存在工艺设计不成熟、污染物脱附规律认识不明晰、二次污染控制措施薄弱等问题,缺乏具有针对性的技术装备研发和应用指导。通过分析污染场地原位热脱附工程尾水尾气处理技术的应用现状、污染物脱附规律和现有专利情况,总结归纳实际工程应用中应注意的问题,进而提出原位热脱附工程尾水尾气处理工艺的设计和设备选型建议,并展望进一步的应用及研究,以期为我国有机污染土壤原位热脱附修复技术的推广和应用提供参考。     

基于固态碳源的同步硝化反硝化反应器对海水养殖废水中氮的去除性能

通过批次实验考察了非生物作用下3-羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物(PHBV)的有机碳释放规律;以PHBV颗粒和陶粒作为填料建立了填充柱生物膜反应器,并通过长期(90 d)运行考察了其对海水养殖废水中氮的去除性能。结果表明,非生物作用下PHBV难以向水体中释放有机碳;以PHBV作为固态碳源的生物膜反应器可以实现同步硝化反硝化。反应器运行状态(HRT为2 h)稳定后,氨氮和总氮的去除率分别为(91.8±1.3)%和(87.5±2.2)%,硝化速率和反硝化速率分别为0.11 g·(L·d)⁻¹和0.20 g·(L·d)⁻¹。填充柱沿水流方向可以分为2个区段,0~20 cm柱体内主要进行同步硝化反硝化过程,20~100 cm柱体内主要进行反硝化过程;反应器中微弱的亚硝酸盐积累可以归因于短程反硝化。以上研究成果可以为海水养殖业绿色发展提供参考。     

大型溞投放密度对湖库水体水质改善及底泥污染物影响

向北京市沙河水库投放大型溞(Daphnia magna),利用其摄食藻类、促进悬浮颗粒态污染物沉降的特性,以提升水体的透明度,为后续沉水植物群落的恢复创造条件,并探索大型溞的投放密度,以及投放后对水质及底泥主要污染物的影响。结果表明：向沙河水库投加大型溞的最佳密度为5~15 ind·L⁻¹;在该条件下,水体透明度可在3~5 d由40 cm提升至100 cm,浊度由19.7 NTU降至3 NTU,藻密度由2.4×10⁶ cell·mL⁻¹降至(4~6)×10⁴ cell·mL⁻¹;大型溞可在沙河水库长期存活,并可长期抑制藻类、维持水体的透明度;水体COD并未发生明显改变;大型溞的分泌物促进了悬浮颗粒态氮、磷的沉降,使TN和TP的去除率分别达到70.2%和54.9%;由于投溞后藻类浓度迅速下降,藻对NH₃-N的吸收量降低,使水体NH₃-N升高了32.2%;底泥中有机质、TN、TP均出现了一定程度的升高。针对于湖库水体透明度低的问题,应投放适宜密度的大型溞,调整水质状态,并结合水中藻类、底泥污染物等条件,综合考虑有效改善水质的方法。     

浦阳江流域(浦江县段)面源污染模型估算及河流生态缓冲带重点区域识别

以浦阳江流域(浦江县段)为研究区,从流域面源污染空间特征入手,提出浦阳江流域岸边带建设的重点区域。采用DPeRS面源污染负荷估算模型,具体分析了2018年浦阳江流域面源污染负荷空间分布特征,并采用面向对象方法提取了岸线和河流生态缓冲带土地覆盖类型,以汇水区为单元,结合面源污染估算结果识别了浦阳江流域河流生态缓冲带重点区。结果表明：浦阳江流域中部和中北部地区面源污染排放负荷较高,面源污染入河负荷高值区主要集中于中下游地区;该流域31个汇水区中,TN和NH₄⁺-N重点汇水区有17个,主要分布在流域的中部和东北部;TP和COD重点汇水区有12个,集中分布于流域中部;浦阳江流域河流生态缓冲带范围内,植被类型和非植被类型面积占比分别为65.49%和34.51%,其中耕地面积占比29.36%,建筑用地占比11.89%;综合浦阳江流域面源污染重点汇水区和河流生态缓冲带现状遥感提取结果,筛选出的重点区包括下游地区的7号汇水区和中游地区的18~25号汇水区所在的河流生态缓冲带。今后,可针对其重点区域设计生态防护工程,也应结合源头减量、过程拦截、末端消纳与资源循环利用的防控策略,综合削减面源污染物入河量。     

Effects of rainfall on surface environment and morphological characteristics in the Loess Plateau

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Slope failure is a one of major process that causes severe landform variation and environment variation, and slope failure has become a major hidden...     

Experimental study on static and dynamic mechanical properties of phosphogypsum

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Phosphogypsum (PG) is a solid waste product of the wet-process phosphoric acid industry that accumulates in large amounts on the ground, forming PG...     

Biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in the presence of primary substrate by immobilized pure culture bacteria

In this study, pure strains that are capable of utilizing 2,4,6-trichlorophenol have been isolated from the mixed culture grown on substrates containing chlorophenolic compounds. Studies have been carried out on the capability of these isolated pure strains in suspended and immobilized forms to decompose 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Additionally, the influence of primary substrates (e.g., phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 3-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol) on the decomposition of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by the isolated pure strains grown in immobilized form is also investigated. The results are: Through bacterial isolation and identification, three pure strains have been obtained: Pseudomonas spp. strain 01, Pseudomonas spp. strain 02 and Agrobacterium spp. Whether in suspended or immobilized forms, all strains have poor removal efficiencies of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. However, addition of 200 mg/l phenol will enable the immobilized Pseudomonas spp. strain 01, and Pseudomonas spp. strain 02 to achieve 65% and 48% removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, respectively. Addition of phenol will assist the immobilized Pseudomonas spp. strain 02 in achieving removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol but the removal efficiency is not good if the phenol concentration is too low. The optimum phenol concentration should be between 200 and 400 mg/l.