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821.
822.
Peter K. Lagoy 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》1992,2(3):331-340
The State of Washington's Model Toxics Control Act cleanup standards, argues the author, provide the best available strategy for setting and achieving cleanup goals. Besides Protecting human health and the natural environnment, Washington's guidelines, which took effect March 1, 1991, incorporate enough flexibility to handle site-specific, finaical, and tehnological considerations. This column outlines the law's three approaches for defining cleanup levels for groundwater, surface water, air, industrial soils, and nonindustrial soils, comparing these methods with related methods in California, New Jersey, and New York. 相似文献
823.
824.
Peter Martin 《Environmental management》1991,15(6):773-783
Substantial land degradation of agricultural catchments in Australia has resulted from the importation of European farming
methods and the large-scale clearing of land. Rural communities are now being encouraged by government to take responsibility
for environmental care.
The importance of community involvement is supported by the view that environmental problems are a function of interactions
between people and their environment. It is suggested that the commonly held view that community groups cannot care for their
resources is due to inappropriate social institutions rather that any inherent disability in people.
The communicative catchment is developed as a vision for environmental care into the future. This concept emerges from a critique
of resource management through the catchment metaphors of the reduced, mechanical, and the complex, evolving catchment, which
reflect the development of systemic and people-centered approaches to environmental care. The communicative catchment is one
where both community and resource managers participate collaboratively in environmental care. A methodology based on action
research and systemic thinking (systemic action research) is proposed as a way of moving towards the communicative catchment
of the future. Action research is a way of taking action in organizations and communities that is participative and informed
by theory, while systemic thinking takes into account the interconnections and relationships between social and natural worlds.
The proposed vision, methodology, and practical operating principles stem from involvement in an action research project looking
at extension strategies for the implementation of total catchment management in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales. 相似文献
825.
Berton L. Lamb Jonathan G. Taylor 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1990,26(6):967-975
ABSTRACT: There is a growing literature on the resolution of natural resources conflicts. Much of it is practical, focusing on guidelines for hands-on negotiation. This literature can be a guide in water conflicts. This is especially true for negotiations over new environmental values such as instream flow. The concepts of competitive, cooperative, and integrative styles of conflict resolution are applied to three cases of water resource bargaining. Lessons for the effective use of these ideas include: break a large number of parties into small working groups, approach value differences in small steps, be cautious in the presence of an attentive public, keep decisions at the local level, and understand the opponent's interests. 相似文献
826.
Luis Antonio Bojórquez-Tapia Peter F. Ffolliott D. Phillip Guertin 《Environmental management》1990,14(3):317-324
The current Mexican environmental law provides the legal basis for comprehensive land-use planning. Under the law, development
of natural ecosystems must combine goals, policies, and practices towards the sustainable use of natural resources and the
protection of biological diversity. Thus, ecosystem manipulation must be able to counter fragmentation of natural ecosystems
and isolation of natural reserves, while providing for human needs. Assessment of the potential of natural ecosystems and
management impacts are required. Multiple-resource simulation is an assessment and land-use planning tool that permits managers
and decision makers to comply with the law, providing a flexible, user-oriented system that can meet the needs of managers,
conservationists, and researchers. A multiple-resource model and an example of how it can be applied to meet planning needs
is presented for discussion. 相似文献
827.
Welfare K Flowers TJ Taylor G Yeo AR 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1996,92(3):257-266
Five varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) of varying salinity resistance were grown in non-saline and in saline conditions, with and without a repeated exposure to ozone at a concentration of 83 nmol mol(-1) giving an AOT40 (cumulative exposure above 40 nmol mol(-1)) of 3600 nmol mol(-1) h. Salinity caused a substantial reduction in shoot and root dry weight in all varieties, but the effect on root growth was proportionately less than on shoot growth. Ozone reduced root dry weight but the treatment used did not significantly affect shoot dry weight. Both salinity and ozone reduced plant height. The potassium concentration in the leaves of all five varieties was reduced by salinity, and by ozone in both saline and non-saline treatments. Ozone reduced the sodium concentration in plants grown at 50 mM NaCl but had no effect upon the chloride concentration. Carbon dioxide assimilation, transpiration and stomatal conductance were all reduced by salinity and by ozone and there was close quantitative similarity between the effects of ozone and/or salinity upon assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration. There were some antagonistic effects but there were additive effects of salinity and of ozone on root dry weight, plant height, shoot potassium concentration, photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance. The possible basis of the additive effects of salinity and ozone on gas exchange and mineral uptake are discussed. 相似文献
828.
R.S. Taylor 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》1984,11(2):179-180
829.
830.