改良A~2/O氧化沟表曝与鼓风曝气能耗比较研究

城市污水处理厂曝气系统耗电量约占总能耗的40%～60%,正确选择曝气系统是污水处理厂节能的关键。以某城市污水处理厂改良A2/O工艺工程为例,对2010年一期氧化沟表面曝气工艺和二期氧化沟鼓风曝气工艺的实际处理效果及能耗进行了分析。结果表明,一期、二期污水处理都达到国家排放标准;二期单位污水处理电耗比一期节省25.35%,按每天10万m3的污水处理量计,二期鼓风曝气系统每年比一期表曝节省电能197.1万kW.h,节省电费134.82万元。     

基于变权综合理论的天然气管道动态风险评价

为对天然气管道进行有效的风险评估,提出基于变权综合理论的天然气管道动态风险评价法。利用故障树分析法(FTA)确定天然气管道不同时间空间下的主要风险因素,实时更新风险指标体系;同时引入变权综合原理,建立权重跟随指标值动态变化的变权赋值模型;然后对天然气管道进行综合评定,确定管道当前状态的风险程度。以陕京3线中某管段为例进行分析,得出该管段当前风险等级为中等,在后期运行中应被重点监控。变权赋值与动态指标体系的结合使该方法能实时反映管道风险状况,并适用于天然气管线各段。     

Experimental study on non-destructive testing of rock bolts based on pseudo-random signal

The quality of rock bolt anchoring is closely related to the stability and safety of underground engineering and slope protection. In this paper, non-destructive testing of rock bolts is proposed based on pseudo-random signal, owing to the deficiencies of the conventional detecting method of stress wave reflection. The characteristics of pseudo-random signal for non-destructive testing of rock bolts are introduced. And the rock bolts are tested in the experiment, the time of reflection wave is identified and the length of rock bolts is calculated through cross correlation analysis between the extracted wavelet signal and the test signal. It is proved that the testing results of non-destructive testing methods based on pseudo-random signal are of low deviation. The experiment has shown that non-destructive testing of rock bolts based on pseudo-random signal is feasible with high precision.     

双氧水热失控时的泄放面积评估

为了保证50％双氧水热失控时在储罐中的安全泄放,利用VSP2(Vent Sizing Package 2)模拟了50％双氧水在带放空测试池中绝热条件下的热失控过程,得到了过程的温度、压力、温升速率变化情况,利用DIERS通用方法计算了50％双氧水安全泄放所需的放空口面积,得到了放空口面积的计算公式.结果表明,储罐设置足够的放空口面积可保证双氧水的安全泄放,在充装系数为0.8时所需的放空面积为0.005 2 V/m.     

放射性废物处置场选址邻避效应的问题研究

结合国内外对放射性废物处置场选址邻避效应的研究成果,分析放射性废物处置场选址邻避效应的基本特性,运用比较分析法,全面分析物权分类及相应权利特性。以土地为划分依据,探讨放射性废物处置场邻避效应的法律属性,提出放射性废物处置场邻避冲突属地役权滥用的法律实质的观点。结果表明：在确认放射性废物处置场邻避问题的地役权法律属性之后,可以通过司法程序来解决邻避问题,确保放射性废物处置场及相邻土地物权的合法行使及不被滥用。从法律层面提出应对邻避问题的策略,并结合我国放射性废物处置场现状,初步探讨对我国放射性废物处置场选址的启示。     

一种改性柱撑蒙脱石的制备及其对废水中SO2-4吸附效率研究

蒙脱石具有较大的比表面积和阳离子交换容量,吸附性能较好.但其不能有效地吸附疏水性物质,应用中常将一些聚合羟基金属阳离子引入到蒙脱石层间制成柱撑蒙脱石以提高其孔道特性和热稳定性.为了进一步提高其吸附效率,在柱撑蒙脱石中加入了物料A,高温焙烧,对其进行了一系列的改性,并确定了改性条件,制备了一种新型的SO2-4高效吸附剂,并应用于煤矿矿井废水的治理,改性后的吸附剂较柱撑蒙脱石对水中SO2-4的吸附率提高了54.6%.最佳焙烧温度为800℃,焙烧时间为4 h,焙烧的最佳物料配比为1:4.     

蒙德法在火电厂液氨储罐评价单元的应用

火电厂液氨储罐单元存在大量高纯度的液氨,一旦发生火灾、爆炸,后果极其严重。为了研究液氨储罐的火灾爆炸危险性及毒性,在对火电厂液氨储罐危险性辨识的基础上,依据液氨储罐单元的主要参数,运用蒙德法分别确定评价中需要的各种危险性系数,从而进行各项指标计算,查询危险性等级表,将各项指标进行等级划分,结论表明各项危险等级都很高。在得出结论基础上,进行安全措施补偿评价,补偿后的各种危险等级均降低,可见采取补偿措施后能够一定程度的降低火灾、爆炸、毒性的危险性,防止事故的发生。     

含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆燃的抑制影响实验研究

为了揭示含磷酸盐(KH₂PO₄,NH₄H₂PO₄,Ca(H₂PO₄)₂)对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸的抑制作用,通过哈特曼管实验装置和20 L球形爆炸罐,研究含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸火焰和压力传播特性的抑制效果。采用高速摄影方法记录含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸火焰传播的影响;采用20 L球形爆炸罐,收集压力传感器数据,分析含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸压力的影响;采用同步热分析仪研究聚乙烯粉尘和含磷酸盐的热解行为。研究结果表明：含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸火焰传播特性参数和爆炸压力特性参数均有显著的影响,通过对比得到NH₄H₂PO₄抑制效果相对最好。研究结果可为含磷酸盐在抑爆剂工程应用提供理论基础。     

灭多威农药废水处理技术

采用酸化、氧化、铁炭微电解、兼氧-好氧生化技术处理灭多威农药生产废水（简称废水）。实验结果表明：废水经酸化处理后可回收H2S和CH3SH,经氧化处理后可去除废水的恶臭气味,经铁炭微电解处理后COD总去除率平均为90．7％,废水可生化性指标BOD5／COD从0升至0．30以上;预处理后的废水再经过兼氧＋好氧生化处理,COD达到GB8978-1996（污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准100mg/L以下。     

Use of Microbial Community to Evaluate Performance of a Wetland System in Treating Pb/Zn Mine Drainage

The performance of a wetland system in treating lead (Pb)/zinc (Zn) mine drainage was evaluated by using the polyurethane foam unit (PFU) microbial community (method), which has been adopted by China as a standardized procedure for monitoring water quality. The wetland system consisted of four cells with three dominant plants: Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis and Paspalum distichum. Physicochemical characteristics [pH, EC, content of total suspended solid (TSS) and metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu)] and PFU microbial community in water samples had been investigated from seven sampling sites. The results indicated that the concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, and TSS in the mine drainage were gradually reduced from the inlet to the outlet of the wetland system and 99%, 98%, 75%, 83%, and 68% of these metals and TSS respectively, had been reduced in concentration after the drainage passed through the wetland system. A total of 105 protozoan species were identified, the number of protozoa species and the diversity index (DI) gradually increased, while the heterotrophic index (HI) gradually decreased from the inlet to the outlet of the wetland system. The results indicated that DI, HI, and total number species of protozoa could be used as biological indicators indicating the improvement of water quality.