国产首条30万t/年卧辊磨钢渣粉生产线的调试经验

重点介绍了利用国产卧辊磨粉磨钢渣粉的工艺流程、主机设备和工艺参数,分析了调试过程中出现的一系列问题,并且提出了解决方法,总结了国产卧辊磨生产钢渣粉的经验。     

土壤中硒酸盐还原作用与硝酸盐脱氮化作用的相关关系

在查明土壤中硒酸盐还原作用与硝酸盐脱氮化作用的相关关系,在不同类型土－水系统中,加入一定量的ＫＮＯ３和ＮａＳｅＯ４溶液,观察ＮＯ＾－３和ＳｅＯ＾２－４的化学形态转变过程。实验结果表明,硒酸盐的还原作用和硝酸盐的脱氮化作用在时空变化上具有一致性。     

植物抗盐机理的研究进展

盐胁迫是抑制植物生长 ,降低农作物产量的主要环境因素之一 .长期以来 ,关于如何提高植物的抗盐性 ,增加在盐胁迫下农作物的产量一直是人们关注的焦点 .植物对盐胁迫的反应机制和抗盐机理的探明 ,是指导通过生物工程方法或其它措施改造植物提高其抗盐能力的前提 .由于植物的抗盐性状涉及生理生化多方面的因素 ,是一个多基因控制的极为复杂的反应过程 ,而且不同植物甚至同一种类不同品种的植物 ,对盐胁迫的反应及其适应机制也不尽相同 .植物抗盐能力的强弱差异较大 ,有些植物在 2 0 0～ 50 0ｍｍｏｌ/ＬＮａＣｌ的条件下能继续生长 ,完成其生…     

论环境行政强制执行程序

正确运用和进一步完善环境行政强制执行程序是加强环境法制建设、推进环保工作法制化、实现“十五”环保工作目标的一个重要方面。本文结合最高人民法院《若干解释》论述了环境行政机关申请人民法院强制执行的具体程序、注意的问题以及完善环境行政强制执行程序的几点建议。     

环境法学专业模式建构与发展展望

以中国环境管理干部学院环境法学专业模式构建为研究对象,从专业设置的理论与现实依据、模式建构、专业建设的系列措施、努力方向等方面对环境法学专业建设问题进行了层层剖析,旨在高职高专院校层面、社会层面、教师层面以及学生层面释明设立法学专业的必要性。     

河道型水库支流库湾营养盐动态补给过程

河道型水库支流库湾营养盐季节变化直接决定支流藻类群落结构的演替及初级生产力变化过程.为分析三峡水库支流香溪河库湾主要营养盐来源对营养盐季节性变化的影响,基于2010~2011年香溪河库湾野外监测数据,选取干、支流差异显著(P0.01)的常量离子Cl-和Na+作为水团混合示踪离子,采用二元线性混合模型计算不同时期营养盐各来源的贡献率.结果表明,在枯水运行期(11月~次年2月)和汛后蓄水期(9~10月)时,长江干流对支流库湾营养盐贡献率超过75%,干流倒灌为库湾营养盐主要来源;在汛前泄水期(3~5月)和汛期(6~8月)时,干流倒灌和上游来水的贡献率差异缩小,库湾营养盐来源需考虑两者共同的影响,但干流倒灌仍占据优势.上游来水磷营养浓度相对较高,而长江干流氮、硅营养盐浓度较高,不同时期香溪河库湾分层异重流模式不同,库湾营养盐各来源的贡献率也随之改变,因此库湾营养盐在水库不同运行时期呈现出规律性变化.     

Evaluation of the k-nearest neighbor method for forecasting the influent characteristics of wastewater treatment plant

The k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) method was evaluated to predict the influent flow rate and four water qualities, namely chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solid (SS), total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) at a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The search range and approach for determining the number of nearest neighbors (NNs) under dry and wet weather conditions were initially optimized based on the root mean square error (RMSE). The optimum search range for considering data size was one year. The square root-based (SR) approach was superior to the distance factor-based (DF) approach in determining the appropriate number of NNs. However, the results for both approaches varied slightly depending on the water quality and the weather conditions. The influent flow rate was accurately predicted within one standard deviation of measured values. Influent water qualities were well predicted with the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) under both wet and dry weather conditions. For the seven-day prediction, the difference in predictive accuracy was less than 5% in dry weather conditions and slightly worse in wet weather conditions. Overall, the k-NN method was verified to be useful for predicting WWTP influent characteristics.     

4-硝基酚对大鼠肝脏的毒性及氧化损伤

研究环境内分泌干扰物4-硝基酚(4-nitrophenol,PNP)对大鼠肝脏功能的毒性作用及其对核因子相关因子-2(Nrf2)通路的影响.20只SD雄性大鼠随机分成4个组,分别为对照组、1、10和100 mg·kg-1体重PNP处理组,连续皮下注射28d,检测肝脏的结构变化、氧化损伤和Nrf2及其相关基因的表达情况.结果表明,与对照组相比,100 mg·kg-1PNP处理组大鼠的血清肝功能主要指标ALT、AST、AKP活性和TBIL含量显著性升高p＜005);100 mg·kg-1组肝脏GSH-PX、CAT和SOD活性显著性降低p＜005);大鼠肝脏中Nrf2及其下游基因NQOI和HO-1 mRNA表达水平在1mg·kg-1组显著升高(p＜0.05),10、100 mg·kg-1组有升高趋势;100 mg ·kg-1组肝脏显微和超微结构都发现有不同程度的损伤.结果提示,皮下注射1 mg·kg-1 PNP引起了大鼠肝脏氧化损伤,机体可能通过提高Nrf2及其相关基因mRNA的表达水平来抵抗PNP引起的肝脏损伤;皮下注射100 mg·kg-1 PNP改变了肝脏的正常生理功能,造成肝细胞超微结构病理损伤,引起肝脏毒性.     

桑树（Morusalba）与丛枝菌根的共生对重金属元素吸收的影响

桑树（Morus alba）可与丛枝菌根（AM）真菌形成互利共生体,丛枝菌根真菌能对桑树的重金属元素吸收产生积极的响应。然而,这种响应随环境条件的变化而有所不同。贵州荔波和黄平两地种植养蚕桑树,提高桑叶质量对养蚕业具有重要意义。荔波和黄平两地均处于喀斯特地区,土壤pH因石灰岩和砂岩交叉分布而有所差异。本文将揭示土壤因素是如何影响桑树与丛枝菌根真菌互利共生体的形成从而影响桑树对重金属元素的吸收。实验结果表明,荔波桑地平均土壤 pH （4.92±1.03）明显低于黄平（5.96±1.08）。土壤酸性直接影响 AM 真菌的分布,荔波的偏酸性土壤环境有利于真菌生长,且有利于桑树与丛枝菌根真菌共生关系的形成。此外,偏酸性土壤条件有利于增加重金属元素的生物可利用性,从而加强植物体对重金属元素的吸收,包括有毒元素 Cd。与黄平相比,生长在荔波的桑树叶片具有较高含量的重金属元素。荔波桑树叶片中的糖类含量明显低于黄平的,分别为（67±27）mg·g-1、（105±57）mg·g-1;而荔波桑树根系中的糖类含量明显高于黄平,分别为（125±43）mg·g-1、（91±43）mg·g-1。该结果说明,与黄平（具有较高的土壤pH）相比,荔波（具有较低的土壤pH）桑树叶片中的光合作用产物将更多地被输入到桑树的根系中。真菌是专性共生物,如果没有植物所供给的光合产物,真菌就不能生存。根系分泌物的另一个重要作用是溶解重金属,使它们具有较强的移动能力,以便被宿主植物所吸收。这就解释了为什么在较低土壤pH环境条件下生长的桑树的叶片含有较高含量的重金属元素。因此,菌根植物根系的分泌作用是一个非常重要的过程。尽管桑树具有耐干旱贫瘠的能力,且能够适应于喀斯特环境,但桑树喜好的是环境仍是偏酸性且养分充足的土壤。     

Influence of reclaimed water discharge on the dissemination and relationships of sulfonamide,sulfonamide resistance genes along the Chaobai River,Beijing

Reclaimed water threatens the ecological safety of the Chaobai River. SMX, TMP, and SDZ were the first three abundant antibiotics in the research area. SRGs and intI1 were widespread with high abundance after reclaimed water recharge. The SRGs values followed the sequence: Summer>autumn>spring>winter. Strong correlations were detected between SRGs and environmental factors. Reclaimed water represents an important source of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes, threatening the ecological safety of receiving environments, while alleviating water resource shortages. This study investigated the dissemination of sulfonamide (SAs), sulfonamide resistance genes (SRGs), and class one integrons (intI1) in the surface water of the recharging area of the Chaobai River. The three antibiotics sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and sulfadiazine had the highest abundance. The highest absolute abundances were 2.91×10⁶, 6.94×10⁶, and 2.18×10⁴ copies/mL for sul1, sul2, and intI1 at the recharge point, respectively. SRGs and intI1 were widespread and had high abundance not only at the recharging point, but also in remote areas up to 8 km away. Seasonal variations of SRGs abundance followed the order of summer>autumn>spring>winter. Significant correlations were found between SRGs and intI1 (R² = 0.887 and 0.786, p<0.01), indicating the potential risk of SRGs dissemination. Strong correlations between the abundance of SRGs and environmental factors were also found, suggesting that appropriate environmental conditions favor the spread of SRGs. The obtained results indicate that recharging with reclaimed water causes dissemination and enrichment of SAs and SRGs in the receiving river. Further research is required for the risk assessment and scientific management of reclaimed water.