稳定碳同位素示踪农林生态转换系统中土壤有机质的迁移和赋存规律

为了探讨土壤有机质在降解过程中的迁移、赋存规律,利用C₃植物与C₄植物明显的δ¹³C值差异,选取贵州茂兰保护区内农林生态系统发生转换生长的地域,分析土壤的不同粒径组分和比重组分中土壤有机质的δ¹³C值.结果表明,粗砂中的土壤有机质年代最新,细粉中的土壤有机质年代最老,有机质在降解过程中,在土壤各粒径组分中的迁移次序是:粗砂＜细砂＜粗粉＜粘土＜细粉;土壤重组分中的有机质年代较老,以降解充分、稳定的有机无机复合体为主,相对     

河北省建设生态工业园的对策研究

生态工业园通过将循环经济与工业生态学理论相结合,有效实现能流物复。针对目前河北省未获得批准建设的国家生态工业示范园区的现状,首先分析了生态工业园的内涵与特征,进而介绍了我国生态工业园区建设的现状,并对河北省如何建设生态工业园区提出了对策建议。     

Residue analysis of acephate and its metabolite methamidophos in open field and greenhouse pakchoi (Brassica campestris L.) by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

To analysze the dynamic degradation and final residues of acephate and its metabolite methamidophos, field-experiments with pakchoi (Brassica campestris L.) in open field and greenhouse were carried out in Beijing, China in 2004 and 2005. The degradation dynamics and final residues were determined by gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a pulsed flame photometric detector and GC coupled to mass spectrometry (MS)/MS after acephate was applied on open field and green house pakchoi (B. campestris L.). The dynamic degradation results showed that the half-lives of acephate and methamidophos in open field pakchoi were 1.36 days with dynamic degradation equation C _t ?=?133.01e^???0.5107t , and 2.86 days with C _t ?=?6.5753e^???0.2422t , respectively. While the half-lives of acephate and methamidophos in the greenhouse were 1.07 days with C _t ?=?59.134e^???0.4353t and 0.79 days with C _t ?=?0.2703e^???0.2595t , respectively. The final residue analysis demonstrated that >50% of total methamidophos were resulted from the degradation of acephate 7 and 18 days after it was applied on the greenhouse pakchoi, respectively. While in the open-field pakchoi, >90% of total methamidophos was found to be the metabolite of acephate.     

燃煤过程硫同位素分馏效应及其环境意义

世界范围内燃煤而释放的二氧化硫气体和颗粒物,严重地扰动了硫的全球环境地球化学循环,是导致全球性大气污染和酸沉降的重要原因.为定量地评估人为活动释放硫和天然生物成因硫对全球环境质量的相对影响,稳定硫同位素示踪技术是一新的发展方向.     

冻融对土－水系统中亚硝酸盐积累的影响

利用不同类型土壤－水系统，加入一定量的ＫＮＯ＿３溶液，进行温度和冻融对脱氮化作用的影响以及亚硝酸盐积累规律的研究，培育实验结果表明，低温下，尤其是冻融条件下亚硝酸盐积累，是由于冻融加强有机质的分解及矿化作用所引起。将此结果用来解释克山病环境地球化学病因：急性克山病往往发生在冬春季节，这可能与冻融条件下水体中大量积累亚硝酸盐有关。     

金厂沟梁金矿床矿脉原生地球化学特征及深部含矿性评价

金厂沟梁金矿床的矿脉走向主要为NW向和近SN向 ,NW向矿脉中矿体赋存深度比近SN向矿脉浅约 2 0 0m。近南北向矿脉的金矿体主要赋存在矿脉向西凸出与平稳变化的转折部位。As、Sb含量和F3因子得分值的高值指示矿体上部 ,Co、Mo含量和F5因子得分值的高值指示矿体的下部或尾部。黄铁矿是最主要的载金矿物 ,中粒、半自形晶 ,碎裂发育 ,晶体内含杂质较多的黄铁矿含金率高。在东矿区 ,近SN向矿脉的探矿重点应放在寻找六中段以上部位的平行矿脉 ,NW向矿脉的探矿重点应放在二—三中段以上的较浅部位     

论企业环境监督员资质管理制度的建立

企业环境监督员资质管理制度是推动企业履行环境责任的重要手段,是建立和完善现代企业环境管理制度的重要环节,是提高环境执法有效性的重要保障。同时建立企业环境监督员资质管理制度将促进我国环境专业人才的培养与发展。因此,应将其纳入法制管理轨道,充分发挥其作用。     

Effects of silver nanoparticles with different dosing regimens and exposure media on artificial ecosystem

Due to the wide use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in various fields, it is crucial to explore the potential negative impacts on the aquatic environment of AgNPs entering into the environment in different ways. In this study, comparative experiments were conducted to investigate the toxicological impacts of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles (PVP-AgNPs) with two kinds of dosing regimens, continuous and one-time pulsed dosing, in different exposure media (deionized water and XiangJiang River water). There were a number of quite different experimental results (including 100% mortality of zebrafish, decline in the activity of enzymes, and lowest number and length of adventitious roots) in the one-time pulsed dosing regimen at high PVP-AgNP concentration exposure (HOE) compared to the three other treatments. Meanwhile, we determined that the concentration of leached silver ions from PVP-AgNPs was too low to play a role in zebrafish death. Those results showed that HOE led to a range of dramatic ecosystem impacts which were more destructive than those of other treatments. Moreover, compared with the continuous dosing regimen, despite the fact that higher toxicity was observed for HOE, there was little difference in the removal of total silver from the aquatic environment for the different dosing regimens. No obvious differences in ecological impacts were observed between different water columns under low concentration exposure. Overall, this work highlighted the fact that the toxicity of AgNPs was impacted by different dosing regimens in different exposure media, which may be helpful for assessments of ecological impacts on aquatic environments.     

三邻甲苯磷酸酯对大鼠C6星形胶质细胞的氧化损伤和细胞周期阻滞作用

三邻甲苯磷酸酯(tri-o-cresyl phosphate,TOCP)是一种有机磷酸酯类化合物,具神经毒性作用。研究表明星形胶质细胞是有机磷化合物(organophosphorus compounds,OPs)神经毒性作用的靶点之一。为了探讨TOCP对星形胶质细胞的毒性作用,采用大鼠C6星形胶质细胞分别经0.1、0.3、1.0和3.0 mmol·L-1TOCP染毒处理24 h,应用MTT比色法和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力分析法检测细胞活力,在电子相差显微镜下观察细胞形态,二硫代二硝基苯甲酸(DNTB)比色法测定谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,流式细胞仪检测分析细胞周期。结果显示,经TOCP处理24 h后,大鼠C6星形胶质细胞存活率降低,LDH释放增加,细胞形态也发生了明显的变化。GSH含量和GSH-Px活性降低,G1期细胞数量也逐渐增加。上述结果表明,TOCP对星形胶质细胞具有毒性作用,引起氧化损伤和细胞周期阻滞。     

一组高效稳定纤维素分解菌复合系MC1的筛选及功能

从4种堆肥样品中分别筛选出纤维素分解能力较强的4组混合菌,再以酸碱反应互补的原则重新优化组合并驯化成1组纤维素分解能力非常强而稳定的纤维素分解菌复合系MC1.100mL培养物在50℃静止培养72h,分别可分解0.48g滤纸、0.49g脱脂棉、0.19g麦秆和0.08g锯末.分解滤纸时,第24h CMC糖化力最高,为122.3U·mL^-在初始pH4～10的不同培养基上接种,均能把pH调到中性,最后稳定在8.0～8.5之间.在连续投放滤纸情况下纤维素分解能力稳定保持20d以上,其发酵液的pH在有滤纸时稳定在6.0～6.5之间,没有滤纸时稳定在8.0～8.5之间.