辣根过氧化物酶在体外条件下对青蒿素生物合成的影响

通过细胞提取液，在体外条件下研究了辣根过氧化物酶对青蒿素生物合成的影响．细胞提取液以磷酸与Tris两种缓冲液制备．结果表明，辣根过氧化物酶在以磷酸缓冲液制备的细胞提取液中，很大地促进了青蒿素的生物合成，青蒿素的含量提高约1倍左右，而外加青蒿酸对青蒿素的生物合成并无显著的影响．以Tris缓冲液制备细胞提取液，外加过氧化物酶并不能促进青蒿素的生物合成．图4参12     

Interaction between Cu2+ and different types of surface-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron during their transport in porous media

This study investigated the interaction between Cu²⁺ and nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) coated with three types of stabilizers (i.e., polyacrylic acid [PAA], Tween-20 and starch) by examining the Cu²⁺ uptake, colloidal stability and mobility of surface-modified NZVI (SM-NZVI) in the presence of Cu²⁺. The uptake of Cu²⁺ by SM-NZVI and the colloidal stability of the Cu-bearing SM-NZVI were examined in batch tests. The results showed that NZVI coated with different modifiers exhibited different affinities for Cu²⁺, which resulted in varying colloidal stability of different SM-NZVI in the presence of Cu²⁺. The presence of Cu²⁺ exerted a slight influence on the aggregation and settling of NZVI modified with PAA or Tween-20. However, the presence of Cu²⁺ caused significant aggregation and sedimentation of starch-modified NZVI, which is due to Cu²⁺ complexation with the starch molecules coated on the surface of the particles. Column experiments were conducted to investigate the co-transport of Cu²⁺ in association with SM-NZVI in water-saturated quartz sand. It was presumed that a physical straining mechanism accounted for the retention of Cu-bearing SM-NZVI in the porous media. Moreover, the enhanced aggregation of SM-NZVI in the presence of Cu²⁺ may be contributing to this straining effect.     

完善环境仲裁制度的几点建议

本文在简要总结分析我国试行环境仲裁制度的实践及其存在的主要问题的同时,根据《仲裁法》的有关规定,提出了建立适合我国国情的环境仲裁制度的几点建议。     

自来水厂细菌固定化除锰及其水质条件的研究

对自来水厂除锰细菌的３种固定化途径进行了实验分析。表明生态平衡的自固定化能够在短期内高效、稳定地除锰,通过控制运行参数和水质,把滤柱的除锰成熟期期短为５０ｄ。。     

Effect of substrate feeding frequencies on the methane production and microbial communities of laboratory-scale anaerobic digestion reactors

Even though full-scale digesters have been designed based on laboratory-scale tests, the substrate feeding modes of laboratory-scale tests might be different from those of full-scale digesters. The effect of substrate feeding frequencies on the performance and microbial community of laboratory-scale anaerobic digestion reactors was investigated. Feeding frequencies of twice a day, once a day, and every two days were tested in three 2-L reactors with an organic loading rate of 0.5 g-glucose/L/day under mesophilic condition. According to the results of this study, all the reactors showed similar methane production rates and SCOD removal efficiencies after sufficient time of acclimation, but frequently feeding promoted more stable digestion. Although there was no significant difference in microbial diversities from pyrosequencing analyses, the changes of archaeal community composition were observed. The decrease in feeding frequency appeared to cause shifts from acetoclastic methanogens affiliated with Methanosaeta to H₂-utilizing methanogens. The increase of Methanosaeta at a frequently feeding might contribute to the stability of reactor operation. Since this study uses glucose as the substrate, there is still possibility of different results for more complex substrates, such as sludge, food waste, etc.     

有机化合物KOC片段常数估算模型的误差与稳健性分析

分析了估算有机化合物吸着系数的片段常数模型的误差,并用４种不同方法检验了估算有机化合物吸纱数的片段常数模型的稳健性。重复随机抽取单一合物,逐一抽取估算值与实测值差别较大的个别化合物,重复随机抽取５０个化合物以及逐一抽取特定化合物类别。     

曝气强度对同时硝化反硝化（SND）脱氮过程中N2O排放的影响

为了控制污水脱氮中N2O排放,在不同曝气强度下研究了好氧硝化段同时硝化反硝化（SND）系统的N2O排放特性,并采用PCR—DGGE技术分析微生物群落特征。结果发现,随着曝气强度的增强,系统总氮去除率下降,但脱氮中N2O—N所占比例则上升,实验中从低到高3个曝气强度下,总氮去除率分别为80．01％、65．28％和58．62％,脱氮中N2O—N所占的比例为1．89％、7．84％和9．20％。PCR—DGGE分析显示,和低曝气强度下相比中、高曝气强度下系统微生物群落发生明显变化,但中曝气强度和高曝气强度下系统微生物群落表现出较高相似性。这表明,不同曝气强度下系统N2O排放受到氮素转化和微生物群落变化的影响。适宜曝气强度不仅提高总氮去除率,还可有效控制N2O排放。     

Stabilization of mercury-containing wastes using sulfide

This paper summarizes the findings of our studies on mercury stabilization using sulfide. Primary stabilization variables such as stabilization pH and sulfide/mercury molar ratio were tested. Mercury stabilization effectiveness was evaluated using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and the constant pH leaching tests. The influence of interfering ions on mercury immobilization was also tested. The experimental results indicate that the sulfide-induced treatment technology is an effective way to minimize mercury leaching. It was found that the most effective mercury stabilization occurs at pH 6 combined with a sulfide/mercury molar ratio of 1. The combined use of increased dosage of sulfide and ferrous ions ([S]/[Hg]=2 and [Fe]/[Hg]=3 at pH=6) can significantly reduce interferences by chloride and/or phosphate during sulfide-induced mercury immobilization. The sulfide-treated waste stabilization efficiency reached 98%, even with exposure of the wastes to high pH leachants.     

辽河源头区的水体现状及评价研究

通过单因子指数评价法、模糊综合评价法、水质指数评价法对辽河源头区2008年-2012年的水质进行评价,发现辽河源头区所受污染较为严重,其中氨氮、BOD5和COD超标严重,对水体水质的污染影响较大。三种评价标准中,单因子评价法过于严苛,忽略了不同评价因子之间的联系;模糊综合评价法缺少对超过地表水标准的水质类别的定位,不能确定首要污染物;水质指数评价法不仅能反应水质状况,还能确定水体的污染程度及首要污染因子,是较为理想的方法。     

黑龙江省生态足迹计算与动态分析

生态足迹模型是定量评估可持续发展状态的代表之一.1978年以来,全省总生态足迹以40.2万hm2/年的速度增长,各类生态足迹也不断增长,化石能源增长速度快,省人均生态足迹从1.4832 hm2/人增加至2010年的1.905 7 hm2/人,增加0.422 5 hm2/人,上升28.49％,对生态足迹贡献率排序:化石能源用地＞耕地＞建设用地＞水域＞草地＞林地;生态承载力78年时为7 995.23万hm2,2010年达7 726.37万hm2,2010年贡献率排序为林地＞耕地＞水域＞化石能源用地＞草地＞建设用地;1993年后处于生态赤字状态,从单项土地类型来看,水域和林地处于生态盈余状态.