Treatability of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbon-contaminated soils of different textures along a vertical profile by mechanical soil aeration: A laboratory test

Mechanical soil aeration is a simple, effective, and low-cost soil remediation technology that is suitable for sites contaminated with volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons(VCHs). Conventionally, this technique is used to treat the mixed soil of a site without considering the diversity and treatability of different soils within the site. A laboratory test was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanical soil aeration for remediating soils of different textures(silty,clayey, and sandy soils) along a vertical profile at an abandoned chloro-alkali chemical site in China. The collected soils were artificially contaminated with chloroform(TCM) and trichloroethylene(TCE). Mechanical soil aeration was effective for remediating VCHs(removal efficiency 98%). The volatilization process was described by an exponential kinetic function.In the early stage of treatment(0–7 hr), rapid contaminant volatilization followed a pseudofirst order kinetic model. VCH concentrations decreased to low levels and showed a tailing phenomenon with very slow contaminant release after 8 hr. Compared with silty and sandy soils, clayey soil has high organic-matter content, a large specific surface area, a high clay fraction, and a complex pore structure. These characteristics substantially influenced the removal process, making it less efficient, more time consuming, and consequently more expensive. Our findings provide a potential basis for optimizing soil remediation strategy in a cost-effective manner.     

焦油渣和煤沥青焚烧处置实验研究

通过开展残渣与有机污染土壤的混合焚烧实验,分析了炉渣、烟气中多环芳烃和重金属的含量及浓度,明确了残渣焚烧的适用工艺及条件。结果表明,在一段炉焚烧温度600~900℃、二段炉出口温度≥1 100℃、烟气停留时间≥2s、急冷器出口温度≤150℃的条件下,炉渣中重金属含量较高,少部分进入到尾气中,多环芳烃含量极少,大部分被焚烧破坏和尾气净化设施去除。实验结果表明,在残渣掺入量为30%条件下,尾气排放能够满足标准要求。     

新型城镇化背景下城乡环境基本公共服务均等化推进路径

新型城镇化迫切需要推进城乡环境基本公共服务均等化,而农村环境公共服务的不足成为实现环境基本公共服务均等化的阻碍和制约。在阐述新型城镇化和城乡环境基本公共服务均等化之间关系的基础上,从环境基本公共服务投入总体不足、供给主体单一、城乡不均等突出等方面指出:当前阶段城乡环境基本公共服务均等化现状和面临的问题。探讨了城镇化背景下城乡环境基本公共服务均等化的发展重点领域,包括饮用水安全保障、清洁的大气、污水垃圾治理设施、环境信息服务等,认为推进城乡环境基本公共服务均等化宜采用政府推动、市场参与、多元化供给的协调推进路径,并提出政策建议。     

非甲烷总烃监测分析研究

2015年《中国环境状况公报》显示,大部分城市臭氧作为首要污染物的天数有增加趋势.而大气中的VOCs是产生臭氧最重要的前体物,同时也能对PM2.5产生影响,成为监测和控制的重点,被纳入总量控制体系.上海、广州、西安等地方已采用非甲烷总烃作为VOCs的评价指标.结合环境监测分析工作的实际情况,探讨了非甲烷总烃的样品采集、进样方式、样品色谱柱,结果表明:与注射器采样相比,气袋气密性和化学惰性好,保存样品时间长;采用一次进样,双色谱柱GDX502/104、玻璃微球同时分离样品,双FID同时检测,节约时间,避免误差,更加快速、准确.     

改性石墨烯对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性石墨烯用于水中亚甲基蓝(MB)的去除进行了研究.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)和热重分析仪(TGA)对石墨烯和改性石墨烯性能进行表征.探讨了反应时间、pH、温度、剂量对石墨烯和改性石墨烯去除MB的影响.结果表明,在石墨烯制备过程中添加CTAB可以明显增大比表面积,提高MB的去除率.反应过程在前15 min内反应速率很快,并约在120 min内达到吸附平衡.吸附动力学符合伪二级动力学模型.最佳反应温度为293 K,吸附剂投加量的最适浓度为2 g·L-1,且吸附量的大小与溶液的初始pH值无关.通过Langmuir等温吸附方程得到改性石墨烯的最大吸附量86.43 mg·g-1,且为放热反应.     

Methane emissions from rice fields under continuous straw return in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River

A three-year experiment was conducted in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China to study the influence of continuous wheat straw return during the rice season and continuous rice straw return in wheat on methane (CH 4 ) emissions from rice fields in which, the rice-wheat rotation system is the most dominant planting pattern. The field experiment was initiated in October 2009 and has continued since the wheat-growing season of that year. The analyses for the present study were conducted in the second (2011) and third (2012) rice growing seasons. Four treatments, namely, the continuous return of wheat straw and rice straw in every season (WR), of rice straw but no wheat straw return (R), of wheat straw but no rice straw return (W) and a control with no straw return (CK), were laid out in a randomized split-plot design. The total seasonal CH 4 emissions ranged from 107.4 to 491.7 kg/ha (2011) and 160.3 to 909.6 kg/ha (2012). The increase in CH 4 emissions for treatments WR and W were 289% and 230% in the second year and 185% and 225% in the third year, respectively, in relation to CK. We observed less methane emissions in the treatment R than in CK by 14%-43%, but not statistically significant. Treatment R could increase rice productivity while no more CH 4 emission occurs. The difference in the total CH 4 emissions mainly related to a difference in the methane flux rate during the first 30-35 days after transplant in the rice growing season, which was caused by the amount of dissolved oxygen in paddy water and the amount of reducible soil materials.     

Performance evaluation of urban environmental governance in Anhui Province based on spatial and temporal differentiation analyses

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - When the process of urbanization has brought economic benefits in the Yangtze River Delta of China, environmental pollution becomes increasingly...     

离子色谱法中高浓度盐基体对无机阴离子分析影响规律的研究

本文首次研究高浓度盐基体中，大量盐的存在对无机阴离子的保留时间，峰高峰面积等参数的影响规律，并对其影响机理进行了初步探讨，实验证明，在样品中离子总浓度不超过柱容量孤情况下，虽然由于某些离子的浓度过高，使待测离子的保留时间变短，峰形改变，但用峰面积和标准加入外推法计算，仍可得到较即的结果。     

Ethylenediurea (EDU) pretreatment alleviated the adverse effects of elevated O3 on Populus alba “Berolinensis” in an urban area

Ethylenediurea(EDU)has been used as a chemical protectant against ozone(03).However,its protective effect and physiological mechanisms are still uncertain.The present study aimed to investigate the changes of foliar visible injury,physiological characteristics and emission rates of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in one-year-old Populus alba"Berolinensis"saplings pretreated with EDU and exposed to elevated O_3(EO,120μg/m~3).The results showed that foliar visible injury symptoms under EO were significantly alleviated in plants with EDU application(p0.05).Under EO,net photosynthetic rate,the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII and the photochemical efficiency of PSII of plants pretreated with 300 and600 mg/L EDU were similar to unexposed controls and significantly higher compared to EOstressed plants without EDU pretreatment,respectively.Malondialdehyde content was highest in EO without EDU and decreased significantly by 14.9%and 21.3%with 300 and600 mg/L EDU pretreatment,respectively.EDU pretreatment alone increased superoxide dismutase activity by 10-fold in unexposed plants with further increases of 88.4%and 37.5%in EO plants pretreated with 300 and 600 mg/L EDU pretreatment,respectively(p0.05).Abscisic acid content declined under EO relative to unexposed controls with the effect partially reversed by EDU pretreatments.Similarly,VOCs emission rate declined under EO relative to unexposed plants with a recovery of emission rate observed with 300 and 600 mg/L EDU pretreatment.These findings provided significant evidence that EDU exerted a beneficial effect and protection on the tested plants against 03 stress.