不同面积小流域山洪泥石流预报模型研究——以北京市密云县为例

针对北京市密云县境内密云水库上游山洪泥石流发生特点,以系统科学为基本思想,将Bayes判别分析法引入山区小流域山洪泥石流预报模型建立之中。通过对北京市密云县境内密云水库上游影响山洪泥石流发生的系统内部要素和其外部环境条件进行综合分析,选择影响山洪泥石流发生的前15d实效降雨量和当日降雨量作为预报模型因子,分别建立了三种不同流域面积范围的山洪泥石流预报模型,所建立的山洪泥石流预报模型适用的流域面积范围分别为0.30～2.00 km2、2.00～5.00 km2和5.00～15.42 km2。经检验,三组预报模型的正确率分别为86.4%、92.9%和83.3%,均满足了Bayes判别分析法所规定的其验证正确率的要求,表明模型可以应用于研究区域不同流域面积范围的山洪泥石流预报。预报模型的建立为北京市密云县境内密云水库上游山洪泥石流的即时预报提供了一种简捷易行方法。     

土壤镉胁迫下菲降解菌的筛选及其降解特性研究

以菲和镉为供试物,对沈抚灌区土壤中土著菌进行筛选试验,筛选出一株菲降解菌,命名为W.J,同时测定在不同浓度镉胁迫下,菲为单一碳源时W.J的生长情况.结果表明,在镉胁迫下W.J对菲具有一定的降解能力,镉30 mg/L时,60 h时菲降解率在65%以上.16s rDNA测序比对发现,W.J与Alcaligenes(产碱杆菌属)同源性最高,为99%.通过对W.J生长曲线的测定,发现其对数生长期为0～20 h,这为W.J菌株保存提供了一定的前提条件.高浓度镉在W.J的生长后期对其有明显的毒理效应.     

基于非稳态静电收尘理论的电除尘器运行参数的研究

为了进一步提高电除尘器的收尘效率,满足国家新的烟尘排放标准,依据研究建立的非稳态静电收集理论,提出了电除尘器供电电压及振打周期的优化措施.非稳态静电收尘理论研究与实验研究表明,收尘效率对供电电压存在一最大值,且此最佳供电电压是随极板沉积粉尘层比电阻、粉尘层厚度等动态变化的;振打周期的长短与粉尘层比电阻有关.据此提出的运行参数优化结果表明,对于比电阻不同的粉尘,电除尘器收尘效率最高时对应的供电电压随粉尘层比电阻的增大而降低,对于同一粉尘,最佳供电电压随粉尘层厚度的增长而提高;粉尘层比电阻低于1011Ω·cm时,一般保持极板粉尘层厚度在3～5 mm以内为佳,对于高比电阻粉尘应寻求适宜的清灰方式保障极板处于清洁状态.     

中子活化分析在研究成都市大气飘尘中的应用

由于成都市特定的地理环境和逆温差效应的气候特点,成都市的大气污染在横向和纵向上几乎都不能扩散,而只能就地弥漫。本文就利用中子活化这一核分析技术,对成都市不同季节、不同地点的大气飘尘中微量元素（特别是Ａｓ、Ｃｒ、Ｔｈ、Ｕ等有害元素）的变化进行了初步分析。     

Hotspots analysis and perspectives of Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) in environment and energy in recent 20 years by CiteSpace

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Prussian blue analogs (PBAs), a type of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have attracted much attention because of their large specific surface...     

Toxicity of exogenous antimony to the soil-dwelling springtail Folsomia candida

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Antimony (Sb) is a toxic pollutant, but data for Sb toxicity to springtails in soil are limited, and the effects of Sb speciation, soil physiochemical...     

Numerical simulation of flue gas desulfurization characteristics in CFB with bypass ducts

A new process of flue gas desulfurization in circulating fluidized bed with flue gas bypass ducts is presented. k–? Model, Discrete Phase Model and Finite-Rate Chemistry Model are proposed to simulate the desulfurization process characteristics in circulating fluidized bed reactor. The proposed model is validated by the comparison of experimental data and simulation results. The results show that the desulfurization reactor with bypass ducts is superior to the reactor without bypass ducts. The reactor with bypass ducts has higher desulfurization efficiencies and lower flow resistances than the reactor without bypass ducts, and it is more suitable for flue gas flow variation. Desulfurization reaction rate is controlled by absorption reaction on sorbent particles surface. When water content and Ca/S ratio increase, desulfurization efficiency of the reactor with bypass ducts increases. When SO₂ concentration increases, desulfurization efficiency decreases.     

Functional traits of poplar leaves and fine roots responses to ozone pollution under soil nitrogen addition

Concurrent ground-level ozone（O₃） pollution and anthropogenic nitrogen（N） deposition can markedly influence dynamics and productivity in forests.Most studies evaluating the functional traits responses of rapid-turnover organs to O₃ have specifically examined leaves,despite fine roots are another major source of soil carbon and nutrient input in forest ecosystems.How elevated O₃ levels impact fine root biomass and biochemistry remains to be resolved.This study was...     

Presence of organophosphate flame retardants (OPEs) in different functional areas in residential homes in Beijing, China

The production and application of organophosphate esters (OPEs) have dramatically increased in recent years due to their use as a replacement for brominated flame retardants. In this study, 13 OPEs (Σ₁₃OPEs) were analyzed in indoor air samples from kitchens and living rooms in 14 residential homes in Beijing, China. The concentrations of Σ₁₃OPEs in kitchen air samples (mean: 13 ng/m³) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in living room air samples (5.0 ng/m³). In addition, paired window surface organic film samples were collected and analyzed to investigate film-air partitioning, exhibiting a mean concentration of Σ₁₃OPEs of 4100 ng/m². The congener profiles showed that tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the predominant compound in both window film samples (48%) and the corresponding indoor air sample (56%). The estimated daily intakes (EDI) of OPEs via indoor air inhalation were 2.8 and 1.4 ng/kg/day for infants and adults, respectively, both of which are below the reference dose values (RfDs). Overall, these findings indicate that OPEs in the indoor air environment of residential homes in Beijing are not likely to pose a health risk to the general population.