用Ti/SnO2-RuO2电极处理黑索金废水

利用刷涂法制备了Ti/SnO2-RuO2电极,并通过SEM、XRD等测试手段对其进行形貌及结构表征。利用该电极为阳极处理黑索金(RDX)废水,考察了电解质种类、电解质质量浓度、废水pH、电流密度以及电解时间等对RDX电催化氧化效果的影响。实验结果表明,当处理100 mL质量浓度为50 mg/L的RDX废水时,以Na2SO4为电解质、Na2SO4质量浓度为5.0 g/L、废水pH为7、电流密度为15 mA/cm2、电解时间为300 min的条件下,RDX去除率达到82.55%,COD去除率达到55.41%。     

固定化藻类去除氮、磷的研究进展

综述了近20年来固定化藻类去除氮、磷的主要研究,归纳分析了相关的研究数据和结果,分别从固定化技术、藻类的生理特征、去除机理、影响因素、生物反应器等方面做了具体介绍.     

Soil erosion and non-point source pollution impacts assessment with the aid of multi-temporal remote sensing images

Soil erosion associated with non-point source pollution is viewed as a process of land degradation in many terrestrial environments. Careful monitoring and assessment of land use variations with different temporal and spatial scales would reveal a fluctuating interface, punctuated by changes in rainfall and runoff, movement of people, perturbation from environmental disasters, and shifts in agricultural activities and cropping patterns. The use of multi-temporal remote sensing images in support of environmental modeling analysis in a geographic information system (GIS) environment leading to identification of a variety of long-term interactions between land, resources, and the built environment has been a highly promising approach in recent years. This paper started with a series of supervised land use classifications, using SPOT satellite imagery as a means, in the Kao-Ping River Basin, South Taiwan. Then, it was designed to differentiate the variations of eight land use patterns in the past decade, including orchard, farmland, sugarcane field, forest, grassland, barren, community, and water body. Final accuracy was confirmed based on interpretation of available aerial photographs and global positioning system (GPS) measurements. Finally, a numerical simulation model (General Watershed Loading Function, GWLF) was used to relate soil erosion to non-point source pollution impacts in the coupled land and river water systems. Research findings indicate that while the decadal increase in orchards poses a significant threat to water quality, the continual decrease in forested land exhibits a potential impact on water quality management. Non-point source pollution, contributing to part of the downstream water quality deterioration of the Kao-Ping River system in the last decade, has resulted in an irreversible impact on land integrity from a long-term perspective.     

Identification of river water quality using the fuzzy synthetic evaluation approach.

Proper identification of water quality conditions in a river system based on limited observations is an essential task for meeting the goals of environmental management. Various classification methods have been used for estimating the changing status and usability of surface water in river basins. However, a discrepancy frequently arises from the lack of a clear distinction between each water utilisation mode, the uncertainty in the quality criteria employed and the vagueness or fuzziness embedded in the decision-making output values. Owing to inherent imprecision, difficulties always exist in some conventional methodologies when describing integrated water quality conditions with respect to various chemical constituents, biological aspects, nutrients, and aesthetic qualities. This paper presents a comparative study using three fuzzy synthetic evaluation techniques to assess water quality conditions in comparison to the outputs generated by conventional procedures such as the Water Quality Index (WQI). Based on a set of data collected at seven sampling stations, a case study for the Tseng-Wen River system in Taiwan was used to demonstrate their application potential. The findings clearly indicate that the techniques may successfully harmonise inherent discrepancies and interpret complex conditions. A further, newly developed fuzzy synthetic evaluation approach described in this paper might also be useful for verifying water quality conditions for the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program and be helpful for constructing an effective water quality management strategy.     

新疆能源消费领域节能潜力分析

以2005年为基准年,根据统计数据和发展目标分析了“十一五”期间新疆能源消费领域的节能潜力.结果显示,新疆万元GDP、万元工业增加值能耗均远高于全国水平,能源消费领域节能潜力为4 557.33×10^4t标准煤;石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业,石油和天然气开采业,电力、热力的生产和供应业,黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业,非金属矿物制品业,建筑节能,化学原料及化学制品制造业是新疆节能潜力较大的领域,且节能潜力依次减小,总节能潜力达3 348.48×10^4t标准煤;上述这些行业和领域内能耗均较高,建筑节能在节约资源的同时减少城市大气污染,是节能的优先领域.     

浅谈如何加强县级环境监测站的能力建设和发展

落实全国环境监测工作会议精神,抓好县级环境监测站建设,推动农村环境监测工作开展。如何加强县级环境监测站能力建设,应从以下几个方面抓起:加快环境监测转型,提高县级监测站地位;加强环境监测队伍的能力建设,加大对其经济投入;加强专业技术水平、提升监测业务能力;加强环境监测质量管理体系建设,不断优化环境监测工作。     

烟气除尘脱硫一体化产物氧化特性研究

简述了石灰湿法烟气除尘脱硫一体化的工艺过程,通过工程试验并结合实验室小型试验,重点探讨石灰湿法烟气除尘脱硫一体化条件,脱硫产物亚硫酸盐的氧化过程及其影响因素。     

餐厨垃圾的黑水虻处理中含钙矿物及微生物对油脂转化效率的影响

黑水虻处理是近年来发展起来的一种餐厨垃圾的有效资源化方法,但由于黑水虻的生理特性,油脂类物质经常不能被彻底降解和去除,残渣仍有酸败气味,需堆肥化二次处理.为了提高油脂类成分的降解效率,提升黑水虻富集油脂的资源化能力,本研究拟以含钙矿物和微生物为主要辅助手段,通过向餐厨垃圾中添加湿重比例为0~10%的CaCO₃、0~10%的Ca(OH)₂、5%CaCO₃和菌液的混合物及6种不同菌液,研究含钙矿物和微生物对于油脂减量化和虫油转化效率的影响.结果发现,向餐厨垃圾中添加含钙矿物,能够显著调节和缓冲黑水虻处理过程中的环境pH值,但对增加油脂的去除效率和黑水虻油脂的转化能力没有显著作用.而且添加7%~10% 的CaCO₃对于餐厨垃圾的减量化率和黑水虻的虫产率有负作用,添加5%~10%的Ca(OH)₂会导致显著的幼虫死亡率.同时添加CaCO₃和菌液对于油脂的去除不利.仅添加微生物菌液是提高垃圾油脂减量化率和黑水虻油脂富集率的最有效方法.枯草芽孢杆菌NJZ菌株、地衣芽孢杆菌NY菌株、植物乳酸杆菌RS72菌株和粪肠球菌L102菌株,是提高黑水虻油脂转化效率的有效菌株.添加微生物后,黑水虻的虫油产率由对照组的10.4%提升至12.8%~14.4%,虫油富集率由对照组的93.9%提升至116%~130%.虫油富集率超过100%,说明餐厨垃圾中碳水化合物、蛋白质等非油脂成分的一部分转化为黑水虻的体脂,而微生物的辅助降解可能是强化这一过程的主要因素.但即使在接种微生物以后,虫沙中仍然有29%~44%的油脂在处理结束时剩余,说明餐厨垃圾中的油脂较难被彻底降解和利用.未来研究中,可以继续筛选高效降解油脂的微生物,与黑水虻共同处理餐厨垃圾,实现油脂成分的资源化全利用.     

厌氧条件下活性黑(KBR)染料脱色的批量投料研究

在厌氧条件下，进行了微生物降解染料活性黑（ＫＢＲ）的试验研究。试验中研究了氯离子浓度、染料浓度、生物量、特别是投加易降解物对染料降解的影响，并且对厌氧降解该染料的过程进行了分析，着重探讨了易降解物葡萄糖投加量对该染料脱色降解的作用