预防事故的行为干预技术及应用

行为干预技术是近来国外一种颇为盛行,效果甚好的以“人”为中心的事故预防方法。概要介绍此技术的研究现状、理论依据及要点、应用情况和在我国开展应用研究的方案设计     

矿山开采非线性沉陷学说初论

讨论基于岩体工程属性和矿山开采沉陷本质特征而建立非线性沉陷学说的正确性和可行性;总结了近年来笔者在非线性沉陷问题方面所做的大量实验、现场勘测、研究和取得的成果：采动岩体的非线性破坏特征、开采沉陷的Ｄａｍ ａｇｅ效应、采动岩体分形裂隙网络及演化规律、开采沉陷的协同效应和自组织过程、采动岩体层裂的突变机理、采动断层活化的分形界面效应、地表下沉的“Ｓ”型分形增长规律;提出了建立基于矿山开采非线性沉陷机理、规律的预测模型和防治对策及非线性沉陷学的学术思想     

矿井安全作业采用的填充密闭材料──泡沫树脂及其应用技术

泡沫树脂是一种新型安全填充密闭材料。以德国Ｉｓｏｓｃｈａｕｍ 型速凝泡沫树脂为例,分析与探讨了泡沫树脂材料的基本配方、性能、应用方法和应用范围以及我国在此领域的研究动向等问题。通过分析与研究发现,泡沫树脂具有良好的弹性、较低的透气性、不延燃、使用简便、可靠等优良特性,因此,建议我国矿山开采业尽快开发和应用这种新型安全填充密封材料     

车用汽油铅损害及其对策研究

针对车用汽油的抗爆性能要求,探讨四乙基铅（Ｐｂ（Ｃ２Ｈ５）４）抗爆添加剂的作用机理,并着重分析研究了由此而引起的发动机铅排放对人类造成的损害及给大气环境等带来的污染。还探讨了车用汽油铅损害的对策及其最新进展     

试论煤矿井下快速断电安全技术

论述了煤矿井下漏电保护和短路保护装置的现状和实施快速断电安全技术的必要性;介绍了煤矿快速断电安全技术的发展水平;对快速断电安全技术中的几个问题进行了探讨;提出了可行的缩短故障取样时间技术方案     

煤层注水降低综采工作面煤尘浓度的研究

在深入研究官地矿９＃ 煤渗透特性的基础上,提出动压预注水的煤层注水方案与参数,并在官地矿进行了工业性试验,取得了降低综采工作面煤尘浓度６０％ 以上的明显效果。它对我国煤矿有效实施煤层注水、降低工作面粉尘浓度具有实际指导意义     

Complications of cordocentesis in high-risk pregnancies: Effects on fetal loss or preterm delivery

Between 1990 and 1993, 166 cases underwent cordocentesis and were followed for at least the following 4 weeks in the Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy Centre of Vienna University. The indications for the procedure were structural malformations in 46·4 per cent of the cases, other high-risk diagnoses in 48·8 per cent, and maternal age over 35 years in only 4·8 per cent. We investigated retrospectively all cases of complications resulting in fetal loss or preterm labour. Abortion, intrauterine fetal death, chorioamnionitis, and preterm delivery occurred in 0·6, 5·4, 0·6 and 9·0 per cent of these cases, respectively, adding up to a total of 26 cases (15·7 per cent). Although this rate looks relatively high, 20 of the 26 cases had already displayed signs implying a complicated prognosis. Neither maternal age, gestational age, number of attempts, nor placental location correlated with fetal loss or preterm delivery. Significantly higher rates of fetal loss or preterm delivery were observed when cordocentesis was performed in cases diagnosed as duodenal/intestinal stenosis or hydrops–ascites–hydrothroax/hygroma colli (P=0·0488 and P=0·0005). The frequency of complications did not decrease as the experience of the operators increased.     

Elevated alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin as a marker for placental trisomy 16 in the second trimester?

In a series of 2961 consecutive cases with second-trimester biochemical triple screening for Down's syndrome and neural tube defect (NTD), ten (0.3 per cent) showed an apparent increased risk for both conditions. Three cases had chromosomal abnormalities, namely trisomy 16 confined to the placenta. Since placental trisomy 16 as well as cases with increased alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are associated with (intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), oligohydramnios, and fetal demise, at least some cases with this atypical biochemical profile could be explained by this chromosomal abnormality. From our results we recommend that in cases with increased risk for both Down's syndrome and NTD, fetal karyotyping should preferably be done on a placental biopsy, especially when ultrasound in the absence of anomalies demonstrates early IUGR.     

Prenatal detection of X-linked ichthyosis by maternal serum screening for down syndrome

Maternal serum unconjugated oestriol (uE3) was measured in 15 375 pregnancies during 2 years of second-trimester risk assessment for Down syndrome using biochemical markers. Very low levels of uE3 (<0·1 MOM) were detected in 22 serum samples (0·14 per cent). Very low uE3 was associated with an adverse outcome in 13 pregnancies including fetal death and miscarriage (N=11), anencephaly (N=1), and Meckel—Gruber syndrome (N=1). Dry scales on the skin appeared in the first year of life in four boys. From dermatological diagnosis, prenatal uE3 levels, and pedigree analysis, it is concluded that at least 5 in approximately 7500 male births in the study population are affected by steroid sulphatase deficiency, which is the biochemical defect in X-linked ichthyosis. Very low uE3 levels in the second trimester are indicative of this disease in pregnancies with normal ultrasound findings.     

Early amniocentesis—a cytogenetic evaluation of over 1500 cases

We report our cytogenetic experience of 1554 early amniocenteses between weeks 11 and 14 of gestation, of which 44 per cent were performed prior to week 14. The mean culture time was 14·5 days. Karyotyping was successful in 99·7 per cent of cases. In 9·9 per cent of cases, there was pseudomosaicism with a high rate of loss of an X-chromosome and structural aberration of chromosome 1, which may be due to the Chang medium. The mosaic rate was 0·5 per cent. The overall aberration rate was 2·8 per cent. Our data confirm the reliability of early amniocentesis, which is a serious alternative to standard amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS).