易燃、易爆、有毒重大危险源评价方法与控制措施

论述了重大危险源和重大事故隐患的定义;介绍了易燃、易爆、有毒重大危险源评价方法;在辨识评价的基础上,提出了制定重大危险源事故应急计划,加强监控、管理等措施     

International education and sustainable development: an American experience in Bangkok,Venice and Guayaquil

Worcester Polytechnic Institute's (WPI) unique academic plan enables students to study sustainable development and the environment as part of an international educational experience. As a technological university, WPI requires students to complete an interdisciplinary project on the interaction of science or technology and society. This paper describes the environmental projects completed by WPI students, in Bangkok, Venice and Guayaquil. The lessons from WPI's experience provide a model for environmental education at other institutions. These interdisciplinary projects not only promote environmental awareness among students, but they also provide tangible assistance to regions which are developing strategies for sustainable development.     

Environmental management in Greece and the challenge of sustainable development

Summary Environmental management is linked to decisions concerning sustainable development which peripheral countries would find quite challenging, given their development priorities and their demands for a restricted share in the burden of global environmental protection. This paper examines the Greek experience with the growing awareness of environmental problems in that country and in the light of current efforts to attain economic convergence with its northern European partners. The focus is on the analysis of the role of the political institutional system in sustainable development, embracing the government, the parliament and the political parties, the courts, and the local authorities. In addition, the role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) is also summarized. The quest for sustainable development holds both positive and negative effects for Greece, and despite development priorities, there are some workable options available to follow a pathway of transition.graduate diplomas from the Institute of Business Management of the Graduate School of Economics and Commercial Sciences, Athens (Greece) and the School of Social Studies, University of East Anglia (UK), an MA in Economics from the University of Kent, Canterbury (UK), and a PhD in natural resources from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (USA). Dr. Lekakis served at the Centre of Planning and Economic Research (KEPE) in Athens for over 15 years, where he was in charge of the technical processing of Greece's five-year development plans in the area of environmental protection. He is currently on the faculty of the School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethimno (Greece) where he teaches environmental and resource economics. His most recent research activity includes a just completed international water resource allocation project financed by the European Science Foundation (ESF), and an ongoing project on the institutional adjustment for sustainable development strategies in the European Union.     

Promoting environmental awareness in Botswana: the role of community education

Summary This paper highlights the environmental problems confronting Botswana, which include growing pressure on water resources resulting from increases in population, urbanization and development, deforestation, overgrazing and rangeland degradation in the face of unfavourable environmental and climatic conditions. The paper also describes the role of the government through its National Conservation Strategy, and how this proffers possible solutions to these probems. Such solutions include, among others improved planning and administrative measures in the interest of both protecting water resources against pollution and the possible introduction of an incentive to encourage the collection of rain water, and government legislation which will lead to improvement in the management of both rangelands and livestock to prevent rangeland degradation, as well as the government intention to update its forestry policy to provide a comprehensive National Forestry Management Plan. The paper also examines the efforts of nongovernmental organizations including the Kalahari Conservation Society, the Forestry Association of Botswana, Thusano Lefatsheng and the Botswana Society. These non-governmental organizations are greatly involved in natural resource conservation and utilization and, in addition, they provide avenues for the discussion of issues relating to the environment and natural resources for public awareness. The paper finally discusses the role of community education, by examining the environmental awareness in terms of the population.This paper was presented at the Global Forum '94 Academic Conference, Manchester, UK.     

External threats: the dilemma of resource management on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National park,USA

The United States Congress established Grand Canyon National Park in 1919 to preserve for posterity the outstanding natural attributes of the canyon cut by the Colorado River. In some cases National Park Service attempts to maintain Grand Canyon's natural environment have been thwarted by activities outside the park. One of the most obvious external threats is Glen Canyon Dam, only 26 km upstream from the park boundary. Constructed in 1963, this gigantic dam has greatly altered the physicochemical and biological characteristics of 446 km of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park. The river's aquatic ecosystem has been greatly modified through the loss of indigenous species and the addition of numerous exotics. We consider this anexotic ecosystem. The riparian ecosystem has been less modified, with addition of a few exotics and no loss of natives—this we consider anaturalized ecosystem.The great dilemma now faced by park managers is that, after 20 years of managing resources along a river controlled by Glen Canyon Dam, the Bureau of Reclamation has proposed major changes in operational procedures for the dam. Scientists and managers from the National Park Service, Bureau of Reclamation, and cooperating federal and state resource management agencies are using a systems analysis approach to examine the impacts of various Colorado River flow regimes on aquatic, riparian, and recreational parameters in the park. This approach will help in the development of management alternatives designed to permit the most efficient use of that river's natural resources without their destruction.     

Energy management awareness programme for senior executives

Summary Giving an orientation on the potential of energy management and conservation for business executives from industries has become an imperative so as to reduce energy wastages and energy use inefficiencies. A programme was organized for senior executives of manufacturing firms to increase the awareness regarding the need and potential for energy saving and increasing the energy use efficiencies. The awareness programme consisted of lectures and a number of case studies on energy conservation and management. Most of the senior executives indicated that this programme should be repeated on a regular basis to cover all major industries. His research interests are energy management, energy use in rural areas and environmental management.     

A Critical Review of Citizens' Juries: How Useful are they in Facilitating Public Participation in the EU Water Framework Directive?

Citizens' juries (CJs) are recommended as one approach that might be used to encourage the active involvement of interested parties in the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). In this light the paper critically reviews the citizens' jury method in the context of water resource management. It examines three strategic challenges of representation, accountability and the role of experts, and issues of scale related to geography, institutions and time. Innovative adaptations of the CJ approach and other deliberative methods are explored as means to address these challenges. The review concludes by arguing that CJs will only be suitable for use in implementation of the WFD if such adaptations are further developed and used to tailor the CJ approach to the particular needs of water resource management in different circumstances.     

B级钢侧架圆角细节耐久性力学模型研究

根据Paris公式推导出适用于B级钢圆角细节耐久性分析的 ,在一定裂纹尺寸范围内的裂纹扩展速率公式及其检验方法 ,笔者模拟货车B级钢转 8A侧架的导框弯角内侧 (A区 )的圆角细部进行耐久性实验 ;以试验数据的检验证明 ,在 0 .4～ 4mm的尺寸范围内 ,选用的断裂力学模型是合理的 ;同时为建立合理的检修周期和寿命体系提供理论模型和安全评价基础。     

铁路局安全管理信息系统的研究与设计

铁路局安全管理信息系统是铁路现代化安全管理体系中安全信息综合应用的重要组成部分 ,是安全信息分析、安全决策的关键。通过对铁路局安全监控业务的分析及对铁路现有信息系统资源的利用 ,因地制宜地提出建立以铁路局为安全信息处理、分析的第一级信息中心 ,各个铁路分局为第二级信息中心 ,基层站段为信息输入终端的三级安全管理信息系统。信息系统在分布式数据库的基础上应用了一定的数学模型对保存的各类安全检查信息进行比较分析 ,从而使路局安全监察部门通过对上报的安全信息进行分析和预警 ,实现对安全隐患的监控和整改 ,形成闭环管理 ,力求把安全管理从传统的事后追踪变为事前的预防控制     

用ART2神经网络方法进行结构的损伤识别

用ART2神经网络方法对建筑结构的损伤进行了识别 ,实验证明该方法的识别精度高 ,具有自动从环境中学习的能力 ,对未知的损伤 ,ART2网络将能自动地给出新的识别输出 ,即对未知的损伤类型也能够进行识别