武汉市大气PM2.5中水溶性离子污染特征及来源

于2016年8月—2017年4月采集了武汉市PM2.5样品,使用离子色谱法分析了PM2.5中的水溶性离子(F-、Cl-、SO2-4、NO-3、Na+、NH+4、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+),并研究其污染特征及来源.结果表明,武汉市PM2.5质量浓度变化范围为24.8～215.7μg·m-3,均值为(81.3±38.1)μg·m-3.9种水溶性离子的年均质量浓度占PM2.5质量浓度的29.3%,其中,SO2-4、NO-3、NH+4(三者合称SNA)为主要的水溶性离子,SNA占PM2.5质量浓度的23.3%～32.0%.硫氧化率(SOR)和氮氧化率(NOR)年均值分别为0.4、0.1,说明武汉市大气存在较强的SO2向SO2-4、NO2向NO-3转化的二次过程.观测期间,武汉市的细颗粒物整体呈弱碱性.Ca2+与Mg2+,以及NH+4与NO-3、SO2-4等均有显著相关性,NH+4、NO-3、SO2-4主要以(NH4)2SO4和NH4NO3的形式存在.武汉市全年NO-3/SO2-4比值为0.9,表明固定源贡献相对较大.主成分分析结果表明,武汉市大气PM2.5中水溶性离子主要来自于燃煤及机动车排放、工业生产、扬尘等.     

流域管理与区域管理矛盾研究——以丹江口水库流域为例

根据南水北调中线水源地丹江口水库流域水资源及其管理现状,辨析出其主要矛盾为流域管理与区域管理的矛盾。按行政区划为单元的分级分部门水资源管理体制、水利系统内部流域管理机构与地方水利部门管理职能的交叉、相关行政执法部门受本级政府行政领导而仅在业务上接受上级部门指导的制度,以及地方发展经济的压力,这些因素共同造成两者的矛盾。在此基础上,提出了完善该流域水资源管理的若干建议,以确保中线调水的成功和该地区的可持续发展。     

若干人工调控措施对富营养化湖泊藻类种群的影响

在太湖用围隔试验,研究湖泊底泥稳外源污染对富;营养化湖泊藻类种群的影响,结果表明,在没有底泥和外源污染（相于当彻底清淤和截污）的情况下,围区内（２００ｍ＾２）水体氮磷浓度均有明显下降,但藻类生物量却急剧上升,且出现“藻华”,结合南京玄武湖和杭州西湖的截污、清淤挖泥、引水冲污等富营养化防治措施的实际效果分析,探讨了截污、清淤、引水冲污对营养几湖泊藻类种群的影响,指出对严重富营养化的湖泊,单纯采取截污     

Heavy metal pollution status in surface sediments of Swan Lake lagoon and Rongcheng Bay in the northern Yellow Sea

The national ‘Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone Development Plan’ compels the further understanding of the distribution and potential risk of metals pollution in the east coast of China, where the rapid economic and urban development have been taken off and metal pollution has become a noticeable problem. Surface sediments collected from the largest swan habitat in Asia, the Swan Lake lagoon and the surrounding coastal area in Rongcheng Bay in northern Yellow Sea, were analyzed for the total metal concentrations and chemical phase partitioning of five heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cr). Metal contents in the studied region have increased significantly in the past decade. The speciation analyzed by the sequential extraction showed that Zn and Cr were present dominantly in the residual fraction and thus of low bioavailability, while Cd, Pb and Cu were found mostly in the non-residual fraction thus of high potential availability, indicating significant anthropogenic sources. Among the five metals, Cd is the most outstanding pollutant and presents high risk, and half of the surface sediments in the studied region had a 21% probability of toxicity based on the mean Effect Range-Median Quotient. At some stations with comparable total metal contents, remarkably different non-residual fraction portions were determined, pointing out that site-specific risk assessment integrating speciation is crucial for better management practices of coastal sediments.     

武汉城市湖泊表层底泥汞分布、风险评价及影响因素

底泥作为汞重要的"汇"及二次"源"，在湖泊系统汞生物地球化学循环中起到了重要作用。本文以武汉主要城市湖泊为研究对象，探究了表层底泥中总汞（THg）和甲基汞（MeHg）的分布特征、潜在生态风险及主要影响因素。结果表明，武汉15个城市湖泊表层底泥THg平均浓度为152±170 ng/g （24~611 ng/g），与国内其它湖泊系统相比处于较高水平；MeHg浓度为52.0±46.8 pg/g （ND~161.0 pg/g），低于其它湖泊系统。空间分布上，底泥THg浓度呈现由武汉市中心向外逐渐递减的趋势，MeHg含量并未呈现类似THg的分布趋势。潜在生态风险评价（PERI）结果显示，所有采样点位中汞潜在生态风险极高和高风险等级占比均为5.7%，且主要分布在市中心附近，说明武汉市中心附近湖泊底泥汞污染程度较重，而市中心外围湖泊底泥汞生态风险较低。相关性分析结果显示，有机质可能是影响武汉城市湖泊底泥THg分布的重要因素之一，而MeHg主要受控于无机汞的原位甲基化过程。底泥THg浓度-湖泊距市中心距离间显著的负相关关系、THg浓度-湖泊所在区GDP/人均GDP间的显著正相关关系均表明人为活动对武汉城市湖泊汞分布影响明显。     

Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on growth,photosynthesis, and photosynthesis-related gene expression in Microcystis flos-aquae

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The inhibitory effect of plants on algae offers a new and promising alternative method for controlling harmful algal blooms. Previous studies showed...     

Sustainable impact of COVID-19 on education projects: aspects of naturalism

History records show that pandemics and threats have always given new directions to the thinking, working, and learning styles. This article attempts to thoroughly document the positive core of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and its impact on global social psychology, ecological stability, and development. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to test the hypotheses and comprehend the objectives of the study. The findings of the study reveals that the path coefficients for the variables health consciousness, naturalism, financial impact and self-development, sustainability, compassion, gregariousness, sympathy, and cooperation demonstrate that the factors have a positive and significant effect on COVID-19 prevention. Moreover, the content analysis was conducted on recently published reports, blog content, newspapers, and social media. The pieces of evidence from history have been cited to justify the perspective. Furthermore, to appraise the opinions of professionals of different walks of life, an online survey was conducted, and results were discussed with expert medical professionals. Outcomes establish that the pandemics give birth to creativity, instigate innovations, prompt inventions, establish human ties, and foster altruistic elements of compassion and emotionalism.

     

Coupled effects of fly ash and calcium formate on strength development of cemented tailings backfill

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cemented tailings backfill (CTB) is widely adopted to ensure the safety of underground goafs and mitigate environmental risks. Fly ash (FA) and...